A very popular saying on the Chinese internet is: It is well known that the first thing people learn when learning a new language is swear words. Admittedly, swearing and bad words seem fun to remember when you start learning a new language.

Like other languages, there are all kinds of swear words in Mandarin Chinese, from calling someone “笨蛋” (bèn dàn, stupid or the literal translation stupid egg) to cursing someone else’s entire ancestry. Some are funny, while others are just mean words. In this article, we will introduce some Chinese curse words and their meanings and English translations, and we will also give examples of whether these curse words should be used in life.

So let’s dive into some Chinese swear words that will give you some insight into a different kind of Chinese language!

Common Chinese Curse Words

For beginners, the complex and highly malicious world of swearing can be overwhelming. This includes some bad Chinese vocabulary and curse words that may be intimidating for those just starting.

In this section, we will introduce some common bad Chinese words in Chinese. It is important to understand not only their translations but also when and where these words should be used appropriately.

1. 笨蛋 bèn dàn

笨蛋 literally means ”stupid egg“. If it sounds less harsh, that’s because it isn’t. In Mandarin Chinese, calling someone a 笨蛋 isn’t really cursing, it’s more of just a nickname that you can take to make fun of your friends.

Today, dumbass is no longer just a curse word. It can also be used as a nickname between couples to indicate intimacy. (If you are interested in this, you can click to see information about Chinese nicknames.)

2. 二百五 èr bǎi wǔ

“二百五” is a colloquial word, often referring to a person who is stupid, not very sensible, stubborn, and rash.

“二百五” should be derived from “二八五” (èr bā wǔ). In folk culture, “二” (èr), “五” (wǔ), and “八” (bā) all mean stupid and rude, and they have different combinations. In various Chinese dialects, there are different sayings such as “二五” (èr wǔ) and “八五” (bā wǔ). There is also the saying “二八五”, such as in “Zhongyang County Chronicles” (《中阳县志》): “二八五气，二百五性格。” — “二八五 temperament, 二百五 personality.” 二百五 is the sound change of 二八五.

Today, 二百五 is used as a joke between friends. You can also refer to it simply as “二”. It’s not the most negative word.

3. 滚开 gǔnkāi | piss off

If you translate 滚开 directly into English, you get the meaning “roll away”. However, a better English equivalent would be to tell someone to “piss off” or “go to hell”.

Be careful, though, because although it’s not the worst Chinese curse word, the tone is very harsh and could be interpreted as the worst swear word if used between strangers.

However, when used between friends or other close relationships, the word is not as harsh if the tone is mild.

4. 拍马屁 pāi mǎ pì

Do you know that one classmate or co-worker who is the most sycophantic person you have ever met? This is the person that “拍马屁” refers to.

The three Chinese characters that make up this expletive are “拍” (to beat or clap), “马” (horse) and “屁” (butt). The literal meaning is “to pat the horses behind”. The best English equivalent would be “brown-noser” for similar reasons.

5. 我靠 wǒ kào

我靠 is more of an inflection than an expletive in Mandarin. It is equivalent to ‘holy shit’ in English. It can be used when you encounter something surprising or difficult. Nothing is insulting about it.

For example, if you have a close Chinese friend, when he/she does something that surprises you, you can say to him/her, “我靠，这太牛了”. (wǒ kào, zhè tài niú le, Holy shit, that’s fucking awesome!)

It is probably the least offensive of the Chinese swear words we have listed in this article.

6. 王八蛋 wáng bā dàn

王八蛋 is not the most offensive of all Chinese swear words, it means “turtle” or “turtle’s egg”, another word in the egg-themed Chinese swear words. If you call someone a 王八蛋, it’s implied that you think they are a stupid man.

Another potential translation for this insult is “bastard”, but like all Chinese curse words, the severity largely depends on the context and tone in which it is said.

7. 傻逼 shǎ bī

The phrase 傻逼 literally translates to “stupid vagina” and is usually reserved for describing a person that is hard to get along with or is just a bad person in general. However, when used in Chinese, it means more of a stupid person or an idiot.

In addition, if used jokingly among friends, 傻逼 can be shortened to SB, and among young people, this word no longer has any insulting meaning when used between friends.

Egg-related Chinese Curse Words

Starting with the basics, we’ll delve into a special category of Chinese curse words, the “striking a stone with an egg” type of insult. These types of curse words carry a lot of weight in Chinese culture and should not be taken lightly. As you can see, in Chinese, many negative meaning words consist of “egg”. Words like 笨蛋 or 王八蛋 are used to attack someone’s character and ancestral heritage.

These insults are widely understood and used in different Mandarin-speaking regions, highlighting their cultural significance and universal relevance in the Chinese-speaking community. In addition to the words 笨蛋and 王八蛋 we mentioned above, we will give other egg-related Chinese swear words below.

1. 坏蛋 huài dàn

If someone has done something that is either evil or wicked, you can go ahead and call them a “bad egg”, “bad guy” or a 坏蛋. While telling a person that they are a 笨蛋 or “stupid egg” is an insult to their intellect, calling someone a 坏蛋 or “bad egg” is an attack on their character. A close English equivalent could be calling someone a “bad apple.”

Like 笨蛋, 坏蛋 is not only used in Chinese when cursing, it can also be used between friends and couples.

2. 混蛋 hún dàn

The next Chinese Mandarin insult we will discuss is 混蛋, which can be translated as “bastard.” The literal translation of 混蛋 is “mixed egg”. It carries a strong connotation, similar to calling someone a “bastard” or “asshole” in English. This word questions a person’s origins and should not be used lightly as it may offend.

While using this word may add tension to a conversation you are having in Mandarin, it must be used responsibly to avoid unnecessary conflict.

3. 滚蛋 gǔn dàn

Another egg-related Chinese curse word! The literal translation of “滚蛋” is “rolling egg”. When you say 滚蛋 to someone, you are essentially telling them to 滚开 and leave you alone. 滚蛋 and 滚开 have similar meanings in Mandarin Chinese, so use them with the same care. You can also shorten it to “滚” (gǔn) for more impact.

Like 滚开, 滚蛋 is sometimes used in intimate relationships. For example, in China, when your parents are cooking something, you play around and get in the way of their cooking. Your parents might say in a relaxed tone, “滚蛋，一边儿玩去” (gǔn dàn, yī biān ér wán qù, Go away and play somewhere else). In this case, 滚蛋 is not scolding.

Family and Relationship-Based Swear Words in Chinese

Chinese culture includes a range of insults based on family and relationship terms. Several words about family or relatives are commonly used as insults.

These words not only express anger or frustration but also challenge a person’s family honor, which is a sensitive topic in Chinese society.

1. 他妈的 tā mā de

A commonly used swear word in China is 他妈的, which can be translated as “damn it.” This versatile Chinese phrase is often used to express a range of emotions, including anger, frustration, and surprise. Due to its offensive nature, be careful when using this swear word and be aware of its context.

Depending on the region in China where this swear word is used, its meaning and usage may vary slightly. Before you use this phrase casually in conversation or writing, you should make sure you fully understand what impression it will make and how it may offend others.

Note: This curse word contains the Chinese character “妈” (mā, mother) which is related to family, so don’t use it lightly. In China, people think that people who often use this curse phrase are very vulgar.

It is worth mentioning that more and more Chinese people are changing their habits of using this word (especially young women in Mainland China) because this Chinese swear word is considered sexist.

2. 你大爷 nǐ dà yé

你大爷, like 他妈的, is a common insulting word in Chinese, literally meaning “your elder uncle”.

Its severity depends on the context and may not be as serious when used playfully or among friends.

3. 你妹 nǐ mèi

你妹 means “your younger sister” and can be used to express disdain. 你妹 was originally used as an alternative to the more vulgar language “尼玛” (ní mǎ), but now carries an insulting connotation.

While it may be frequently heard in casual conversation, the phrase should be avoided in formal or professional settings to avoid offending.

4. 尼玛 ní mǎ

The word 尼玛 evolved from the Chinese word 你妈 (nǐ mā) (The meaning of 你妈(的) is similar to the word 他妈的, but less serious than 他妈的).

It is also an expletive related to family members, but it is used more as a verbal interjection.

F Words in Chinese Curse Words

The f swear word in Chinese can be called the c swear word. They are one of the most common curse words in Chinese. Not only are these the most commonly used curse words, they have now evolved into a mantra for many Chinese people. (It’s a bad habit. Children will be criticized by adults if they follow these curse words!) However, please use these curse words with caution and always make sure you understand what you are saying before you say it.

You may be wondering what the f word or c word means in the Chinese language. They are the same as the f-word in English. Generally speaking, f swear words in Chinese refer to some swear words with “操” or swear words with the same meaning as “操”. (“操” is also known as “f**k” in English). Below we will give examples of f swear words and their meanings.

1. 操 cào

First, let’s make one thing clear. The pronunciation of “操” is “cāo” (first tone), but in fact, Chinese native speakers pronounce it as cào (fourth tone).

The meaning of this character is very simple, that is — “f**k”! It is very common in any language.

2. 操你妈 cào nǐ mā

Of all the swear words in Mandarin Chinese, “fuck your mom” is probably one of the most classic and insulting. These words with negative connotations consist of three simple characters: 操 (f*ck) 你 (your) 妈 (mom). Put them together and you’re not only insulting someone’s mother, but you’re disrespecting someone’s entire family, which is frowned upon in any culture. Please use them with caution!

Like “他妈的”, which we mentioned above, the swear word “操你妈” is also being replaced among young women, as it also has some sexist overtones.

3. 操你祖宗十八代 cào nǐ zǔzōng shíbā dài

The Chinese language is closely linked to Chinese culture, and Chinese curse words reflect the 5,000 years of history behind the Chinese language.

The direct translation of this heavy-handed expletive is “f*ck your ancestors back to the eighteenth generation”. This Chinese phrase is as bad as nothing else in the English language, and it’s one of the few unforgivable insults. So if you say it, you need to be careful.

4. 我操 wǒ cào

我操 has the same meaning as the first example 操 in this section. The reason why this word is taken out for explanation is that it is similar to 我靠 mentioned earlier in the article. But 我操 is more serious than 我靠. Its usage can be referred to as 我操.

Cultural Significance of Chinese Curse Words

Chinese curse words are deeply rooted in Chinese cultural values. Understanding the cultural context behind swear words can provide insight into traditional Chinese values.

The role of family in Chinese bad words

Many Chinese swear words revolve around family relationships, as family plays an important role in Chinese culture. For example: 王八蛋 (wáng bā dàn) and 他妈的 (tā mā de). These insults reflect the importance of family honor and respect in Chinese society. Insulting someone’s family is often seen as more offensive than a personal insult.

Historical and literary background of Chinese bad words

Chinese history and literature also contain a rich variety of insult words, often with poetic or metaphorical meanings. For example, indirect insults are common in ancient Chinese texts. Phrases like “狗杖人势” (gǒu zhàng rén shì), meaning “a dog that relies on its master’s power”, refer to someone subservient or opportunistic.

Understanding these cultural differences will not only help you avoid mistakes when learning a new foreign language, but also appreciate the richness of the Chinese language.

FAQs on Chinese Curse Words

1. Are Chinese curse words used the same way as English?

Chinese curse words are similar to English in expressing frustration or anger, but they often have deeper cultural meanings. Before using them, it is important to understand the context.

2. What should I avoid when using Chinese swear words?

Please note that you should avoid using Chinese swear words in formal situations or when communicating with people you are not familiar with. Insults related to someone’s family or ancestors are particularly offensive and should be used with extreme caution.

3. What are the risks of using Chinese curse words incorrectly?

Incorrect use of Chinese swear words can lead to misunderstandings, offend others, and even cause conflicts. It is important to understand the weight of language and the appropriate context in which it is used.

Summary

Learning some less formal or insulting words in Chinese will undoubtedly deepen your understanding of Chinese culture, but as we’ve seen, it’s important to use these phrases with care and respect.

Now that you’ve expanded your vocabulary, continue learning to take your Chinese skills to the next level! WuKong Chinese has many Chinese learning resources and online courses, come and learn Chinese with professional teachers together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Want to enrich your Chinese learning life? Chinese proverbs are an integral part of Chinese culture. They are usually short and clever and contain rich cultural insights such as life advice and philosophy. If you are learning Mandarin Chinese, proverbs can be a fun way to learn new vocabulary.

In this article, we’ll delve into famous Chinese proverbs, motivational quotes, and interesting idioms to help you appreciate the depth and beauty of Chinese culture. We’ll cover everything from ancient Chinese proverbs to Chinese proverbs about life to funny Chinese proverbs, so you can get a more comprehensive understanding of the proverbs!

What are Chinese Proverbs in Chinese?

Chinese proverbs, known as “谚语” (yàn yǔ) in Mandarin Chinese, are short and wise sayings passed down from generation to generation in Chinese culture. These proverbs often contain profound wisdom, moral philosophy, or practical advice expressed in a few concise words. Proverbs are deeply rooted in China’s rich history and reflect the values, beliefs, and life philosophies that have shaped Chinese society for thousands of years.

Historical background of Chinese proverbs

Chinese proverbs have a long history, and many of them are derived from classical texts, historical events, or folklore. For example, ancient proverbs such as “千里之行，始于足下” (qiān lǐ zhī xíng shǐ yú zú xià) — “The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step”, can trace their origins to the writings of the Taoist philosopher Lao Tzu. Other proverbs, such as “不入虎穴，焉得虎子” (bù rù hǔ xué yān dé hǔ zǐ) — “You can’t catch a cub without entering the tiger’s den”, are derived from historical anecdotes or moral lessons taught through storytelling.

These proverbs have traditionally been used not only for education, but also to guide individuals in their personal lives, relationships, and decision-making processes. Their timeless relevance ensures their continued existence, making them a valuable tool for understanding Chinese culture.

Chinese Proverbs about Life in Chinese

If you’re eager to learn more Chinese, look no further than the many fascinating proverbs that have been passed down from generation to generation. These ancient Chinese proverbs can bring your learning to life.

We’ve collected some insightful Chinese living proverbs so that you can better understand how these ideas still influence modern China, and maybe even gain some new wisdom in the process.

1.塞翁失马，焉知非福。 (sài wēng shī mǎ, yān zhī fēi fú)

“When the old man from the frontier lost his horse, how could he have known it would be a blessing in disguise?“

This common Chinese proverb highlights the unpredictable nature of life and encourages us to remain optimistic in the face of adversity, because sometimes what you think is misfortune may bring unexpected blessings.

2.水滴石穿 (shuǐ dī shí chuān)

“Dripping water can penetrate the stone.”

This proverb talks about the power of persistence and patience. Even the most challenging obstacles can be overcome with persistence and determination.

3.鱼与熊掌，不可兼得。 (yú yǔ xióng zhǎng, bù kě jiān dé)

“One cannot have both the fish and the bear’s paw.”

This oft-quoted Chinese proverb reminds us that life doesn’t always go our way. We often can’t have everything we want, and we often have to make choices and prioritize what’s most important.

4.天下无难事，只怕有心人。 (tiān xià wú nán shì, zhǐ pà yǒu xīn rén)

“There is nothing difficult in the world as long as you set your mind to it.”

This famous Chinese proverb inspires people to build confidence and resilience, believing that as long as we are determined and committed, we can overcome any challenge and achieve our goals.

5.事实胜于雄辩。 (Shìshí shèng yú xióngbiàn)

“Facts beat eloquence.”

From Lu Xun’s “Hot Wind” (《热风题记》), it’s like, “Actions speak louder than words.”

6.兵不厌诈 (Bīng bù yàn zhà)

“Soldiers don’t hate deceit.”

From the book “Han Feizi” (《韩非子》) by Han Feizi, an ancient Chinese political philosopher, meaning: All is fair in war.

7.身体力行 (Shēn tǐ lì xíng)

“A body acts according to physical strength.”

This means that your actions should be consistent with your words.

8.木已成舟，生米煮成熟饭。 (Mù yǐ chéng zhōu, Shēngmǐ zhǔ chéng shúfàn)

“The timber’s already a boat; the rice is cooked.”

It means: that what’s done cannot be undone.

9.一石二鸟 (yī shí èr niǎo)

“Kill two birds with one stone.”

There is a similar expression in English: kill two birds with one stone, which literally means “kill two birds with one stone”, which is similar to the Chinese version “一石二鸟”. This proverb is a metaphor for doing one thing to achieve two goals.

10.听君一席话，胜读十年书 (tīng jūn yī xí huà , shèng dú shí nián shū)

“Listening to the words of a wise person is superior to ten years of studying.”

This sentence means to describe the profound knowledge of the other person in the conversation, and the profound insights you gain from them are more than what you have gained in ten years of reading. Just based on what you gain in this day, you get more than you would have gotten in ten years of hard study.

Funny Chinese Proverbs in Chinese

Chinese is a language that is steeped in centuries of cultural wisdom and storytelling tradition. Naturally, there are a ton of funny proverbs in Mandarin Chinese designed to make you laugh.

These proverbs are a great way to take a break from language learning, as they effectively structure sentences or phrases to give words both literal and figurative meaning.

Here are some funny Chinese proverbs to make your Chinese learning experience even more memorable!

1.狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心。 (gǒu yǎo lǚ dòng bīn , bù shí hǎo rén xīn)

“The goodness of a person is of no consequence to the ungrateful.”

Lu Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals in legend, once fed buns to a dog, but was bitten by the dog instead. It is a metaphor for not knowing what is good and what is bad.

2.瞎猫碰上死耗子 (xiā māo pèng shàng sǐ hào zǐ)

“Every dog has its day.” “Even a stopped clock is right twice a day.”

When describing a person’s success just because of good luck, we would use words like “a blind cat meets a dead mouse” and “a blind cat meets a dead mouse”. But in English, if we directly use “a blind cat and a dead mouse”, you may be confused.

This idiom means that someone is lucky. It is difficult for a blind cat to catch a mouse, and it is pure luck to encounter a dead mouse. It is a metaphor for coincidence or accident.

3.骑驴找马 (Qí lǘ zhǎo mǎ)

Literal Translation: “Riding a Donkey While Looking for a Horse.”

It means that before you find your target, you should make do with what you have and use whatever works. Once you find your target, you can replace the existing one. This idiom is extended to mean holding a choice in your hand and waiting for the next better choice.

4.井水不犯河水 (jǐng shuǐ bù fàn hé shuǐ)

“The water in the well does not intrude into the water in the river.”

“The water in the well does not intrude into the water in the river” is a common folk saying used to describe the principle of keeping each other’s business and not interfering with each other. In other words, mind your own business. This Chinese saying is easy to understand literally. The well water, which is groundwater, and the river water, which is surface water, do not intersect with each other, so they naturally do not interfere with each other.

5.早起的鸟儿有虫吃 (zǎo qǐ de niǎo ér yǒu chóng chī)

“Early bird catches the worm.”

It is a metaphor that only those who do things actively or early can gain benefits.

6.狗嘴里吐不出象牙 (gǒu zuǐ lǐ tǔ bù chū xiàng yá)

“A filthy mouth cannot utter decent language.” “An enemy’s mouth seldom speaks well.”

This sentence comes from the first act of “Selected Yuan Operas: Meeting the Emperor” (《元曲选 遇上皇》). This proverb means that bad people or people of poor character will not say good things or do good things. It is often used to describe a person whose words and deeds are always negative, without any positive or constructive expressions.

7.指鹿为马 (zhǐ lù wéi mǎ)

“Point to a deer, and call it a horse.”

This Chinese saying comes from a story in ancient China. The original meaning is to point to a deer and call it a horse. It is used to describe behavior or speech that deliberately distorts the facts and confuses people. In modern Mandarin Chinese, this proverb is often used to criticize or satirize words and deeds that ignore the facts.

Chinese Proverbs about Love

Love is an indispensable theme in proverbs, and China is no exception. Here are some Chinese proverbs about love and romance.

These ancient proverbs usually promote love or commitment to love.

1.情人眼里出西施 (qíng rén yǎn lǐ chū xī shī)

“Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder.”

The literal translation of this proverb is: In the eyes of a lover, Xi Shi appears (Xi Shi is one of the four great beauties in ancient China). This proverb reminds us that attraction is subjective and varies from person to person. When someone loves you, they think you are perfect.

2.愿得一人心，白首不相离。(Yuàndé yīrénxīn, báishǒu bùxiānglí)

“Long for a heart, never be apart.”

This proverb, like the third proverb below, expresses a lifelong commitment to love.

3.执子之手，与子偕老。 (Zhí zǐ zhī shǒu, yǔ zǐ xiélǎo)

“Hold hands with you, grow old with you.”

It has the same meaning as the second proverb.

4.一见钟情 (yī jiàn zhōng qíng)

“Love at first sight.”

Sometimes, a single glance can change everything.

5.有情人终成眷属 (yǒu qíng rén zhōng chéng juàn shǔ)

“Lovers will eventually become a family.”

This romantic proverb expresses the belief that true love will eventually overcome difficulties and lead to a lasting union.

6.爱屋及乌 (ài wū jí wū)

“To love the house and also the crow.”

This thought-provoking Chinese proverb emphasizes loving a person unconditionally, including their family and surroundings. It reminds us that true love is not limited to the individual, but includes everything related to them.

7.情比金坚 (qíng bǐ jīn jiān)

“Love is stronger than gold.”

Love is more valuable than material wealth.

8.爱情是盲目的 (ài qíng shì máng mù de)

“Love is blind.”

Love can make us overlook flaws and imperfections.

9.相濡以沫 (xiāng rú yǐ mò)

“To moisten each other with spittle.”

A Chinese proverb that describes two people in love who can maintain their deep affection and support each other even in difficult times. This saying talks about the importance of supporting each other and sharing what we have, no matter how hard life together gets.

Chinese Proverbs about Success

Do you find yourself needing a little extra motivation, whether at work or in school? Or need some words of wisdom to remind yourself why learning Chinese is worth it? If so, then this section is just what you need. Let’s take a look at some of the most inspiring and insightful Chinese proverbs about success.

Through these words, we can understand how this concept has been ingrained in Chinese culture since ancient China times. This understanding is extremely important as we continue our journey to master this language.

1.胸有成竹 (xiōng yǒu chéng zhú)

“To have bamboo in one’s chest.”

As the old Chinese saying goes, plan first, then act. This quote emphasizes the importance of preparation and foresight in achieving success and reaching your goals.

2.良好的开端是成功的一半。(Liáng hǎo de kāi duān shì chéng gōng de yī bàn)

“A good beginning is half done.”

This is a famous warning and an unchanging truth.

A good start is the beginning of the prospect of success. The road to success is long, but having a firm heart at the beginning will inevitably give people endless fighting spirit!

3.失败乃成功之母。(Shī bài nǎi chéng gōng zhī mǔ)

“Failure is the mother of success.”

We can always learn from failures to eventually succeed.

4.有志者，事竟成。 (Yǒu zhì zhě, shì jìng chéng)

“Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”

This proverb is a powerful reminder that with determination and unwavering focus, we can achieve anything we set our minds to.

5.立足当下，着眼未来 (lì zú dāng xià, zhuó yǎn wèi lái)

“Stand firmly in the present and focus on the future.”

This ancient Chinese wisdom tells us that it is important to focus on the present and the future. Only in this way can we lay a solid foundation for lasting success.

6.宁为玉碎，不为瓦全 (nìng wéi yù suì, bù wéi wǎ quán)

“Better to be a broken piece of jade than an intact piece of pottery.”

This proverb emphasizes the importance of maintaining integrity and principles even in the face of failure or adversity, as this is more valuable than compromising to succeed.

7.井底之蛙 (jǐng dǐ zhī wā)

“A frog in a well.”

This Chinese proverb tells us that a narrow vision or a small mind will hinder success. This saying reminds us to keep an open mind and constantly expand our horizons to achieve greater success.

8. 绳锯木断，水滴石穿 (Shéng jù mù duàn, shuǐ dī shí chuān)

“Constant dripping wears away a stone.”

This proverb means that willpower can make the impossible possible.

9.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 (Bīng dòng sān chǐ, fēi yī rì zhī hán)

“It takes more than one cold day for the river to freeze three feet deep.”

This proverb has the same meaning as the previous one. It means that excellence comes from the accumulation of unremitting efforts day after day.

10.哀兵必胜 (āi bīng bì shèng)

“An aggrieved army is sure to win.”

It means an army burning with righteous indignation is bound to win.

Chinese Proverbs about Family

If you are learning the Chinese language, don’t just memorize the pronunciation and grammar of Chinese characters. Take the time to explore the cultural heritage behind each proverb. The family values ​​taught by the proverbs are timeless, cross-cultural, and can be understood by any parent, grandparent, or sibling.

From respecting parents to valuing siblings, these proverbs illustrate the importance of kinship and family members.

1.百善孝为先 (bǎi shàn xiào wéi xiān)

“Among hundreds of virtues, filial piety comes first.”

The essence of this Chinese proverb highlights the importance of respecting and honoring one’s parents in Chinese culture. It reminds us that intergenerational respect plays a fundamental role in family relationships and values.

2.儿行千里母担忧 (ér xíng qiānlǐ mǔ dānyōu)

“When children travel far, mothers worry.”

This sentence means that when children are away from home, mothers are always worried about them. It describes the sincerity and depth of maternal love. It is often used in writing essays.

3.家和万事兴 (Jiāhé wànshìxīnɡ)

“If a family is harmonious everything will go well.”

It’s like the Bible: “If a house is divided against itself, it cannot stand.”

4. 家家有本难念的经 (Jiājiā yǒu běn nán niàn de jīnɡ)

“Every family has its problems.”

There are skeletons in every family’s closet.

5.清官难断家务事 (Qīnɡɡuān nán duàn jiāwùshì)

“Even an upright official finds it hard to settle a family quarrel.”

This sentence means that family disputes are complicated and even fair and honest officials find it difficult to judge right and wrong.

6.有其父，必有其子 (Yǒuqífù，bìyǒuqízǐ)

“Like father, like son.”

Where there’s a father, there’s his son. Generally speaking, a father has the most direct influence on his children.

7.金窝，银窝，不如自家的狗窝。 (Jīnwō, yínwō, bùrú zìjiā de ɡǒuwō)

“East, west, home is best.”

Describes that no place is as comfortable as your own home. For example: “Traveling abroad is certainly enjoyable, but there is no place like home. Your own home is the best.”

Chinese Proverbs about Friendship

Next, let’s explore some interesting proverbs about friendship that express centuries of wisdom.

From philosophical reflections on companionship to humorous expressions of friendship, these proverbs capture a range of emotions and reflect different cultures’ views on close relationships.

1.有缘千里来相会，无缘对面不相逢。(Yǒu yuán qiān lǐ lái xiàng huì, wú yuán duì miàn bù xiàng féng)

“Fate brings people together no matter how far apart they may be.”

The literal translation of this proverb is: If you are destined to meet, you will meet someone who is thousands of miles away; if you are destined to meet, even if you live next door to each other, you will never meet.

2.千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重。(Qiān lǐ sòng é máo, lǐ qīng qíng yì zhòng)

“Gifts given from the heart are priceless.”

Travel a thousand miles to bestow a goose feather; the gift may be small, but it’s a token of a profound friendship.

3.患难见真情。(Huàn nàn jiàn zhēn qíng)

“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

This proverb means that only after going through common hardships can one discover one’s true friends.

4.有福同享，有难同当。(Yǒu fú tóng xiǎng, yǒu nàn tóng dāng.)

“To enjoy blessings and endure misfortune together (Chinese idioms); for better or for worse.”

It means that happiness is shared and suffering is shared.

5.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ (yǒu péng zì yuǎn fāng lái, bù yì lè hū?)

“Isn’t it delightful to have friends coming from afar?”

This Chinese quote from Confucius emphasizes the joy of connecting with friends from all walks of life and all backgrounds. It reminds us to cherish the various friendships we make throughout our lives.

6.朋友一生一起走 (péng yǒu yī shēng yī qǐ zǒu)

“Friends walk together throughout their lives.”

This proverb is about the importance of loyalty and commitment in long-lasting friendships. It reminds us that true friends are there for each other through life’s ups and downs.

Chinese Proverb about Chinese Philosophy

Philosophy comes from our daily lives. Each of us experiences and views life differently, but there are some universal words of wisdom we can all use to guide us or express our feelings. With that in mind, here are some Chinese proverbs about philosophy!

1.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。(Zhòng guā dé guā, zhòng dòu dé dòu)

“What goes around comes around.”

This proverb means that you will get what you deserve.

2.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。(Zèng rén méi guī, shǒu yǒu yú xiāng)

“The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine.”

This saying means that no matter in work or life, we are always helping others and being helped by others. Even a kind reminder, a simple greeting, or a bright smile can bring infinite warmth to others and warm ourselves at the same time.

3.机不可失，失不再来。(Jī bù kě shī, shī bú zài lái)

“Opportunity seldom knocks twice.”

We need to cherish every opportunity we have, otherwise we may lose it forever.

4.水满则溢 (Shuǐ mǎn zé yì)

“Water flows in only to flow out.”

This proverb is similar to “everything will turn into its opposite when it reaches it’s extreme”, which means that things will turn into a reverse when they reach their extreme. It comes from the ancient Chinese novel “Dream of the Red Chamber”.

5.三个和尚没水喝 (Sān gè héshàng méi shuǐ hē)

“Too many cooks spoil the broth.”

That is, if too many people try to do something, like three monks trying to carry a bucket of water, they will mess it up.

6.吃一堑，长一智。 (Chī yī qiàn, zhǎng yī zhì)

“A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.”

This proverb literally translates into English as, every time you fail, you become smarter. It reminds us to learn from our mistakes.

7.姜还是老的辣 (Jiāng hái shì lǎo de là)

“The older,the wiser.”

This Chinese proverb refers to an older person’s rich experience, broad knowledge, and practical experience. For example: “As the saying goes: ‘Old ginger is the spicier.’ His way of dealing with people is much better than that of the younger generation after all.”

8.强扭的瓜不甜 (Qiáng niǔ de guā bù tián)

“There’s no forced happiness; unwillingness cannot produce desired results.”

This is a Chinese proverb, which means that forcing others to do something or accept a certain point of view may not get the expected results in the end, and may even cause resentment and dissatisfaction. It means that forcing people or things will not have good results.

9.路遥知马力，日久见人心。 (lù yáo zhī mǎ lì , rì jiǔ jiàn rén xīn)

“As distance tests a horse’s strength, time reveals a person’s character.”

Only after a long journey can we know the endurance of a horse; only after a long time can we see the good and evil of a person’s heart. It is a metaphor that judging things requires long-term observation.

11.守得云开见月明 (shǒu dé yún kāi jiàn yuè míng)

“Look on the bright side and remember that every cloud has a silver lining.”

This proverb expresses an optimistic spirit of persistence and never giving up. It means that only those who persist to the end can wait for the day when the clouds will clear and the moon will shine. It tells people that as long as they persist to the end, the rainbow will appear.

Chinese Proverb about Learning

Proverbs are a compelling way to learn a new language and gain insight into a culture. They often contain key points about life lessons, making proverbs easy to remember and (perhaps more importantly) entertaining.

Below we take a look at some of the most treasured proverbs used in traditional Chinese culture when discussing learning.

1.活到老，学到老 (huó dào lǎo, xué dào lǎo)

“Live to be old, learn to be old.”

This Chinese saying encourages lifelong learning and personal growth, regardless of age.

2.温故而知新 (wēn gù ér zhī xīn)

“Review the old and learn the new.”

This Chinese proverb reminds us that it is important to look back and draw on past knowledge to gain new insights and understanding. It reminds us that learning is an ongoing process and we should always keep an open mind and continue to expand our knowledge.

3.三人行，必有我师 (sān rén xíng, bì yǒu wǒ shī)

“When three people walk together, there must be one I can learn from.”

This proverb emphasizes the value of learning from others, regardless of their background or status. It reminds us that everyone has something to teach us if we are willing to learn from them.

4.学如逆水行舟，不进则退。 (xué rú nì shuǐ xíng zhōu , bù jìn zé tuì)

“Learning is like rowing upstream, not to advance is to drop back.”

This proverb means that learning requires continuous effort and progress. Just like a boat sailing against the current, if you don’t work hard to move forward, you will move backward.

5.好记性不如烂笔头 (Hǎojìxìng bù rú lànbǐtóu)

“The palest ink is better than the best memory.”

What this means is that no matter how good your brain is, it has limited storage capacity after all. It is better to “fix” it with Chinese characters in time so that when you recall it later, it will be as clear as before.

Chinese Famous Quotes

1.天行健，君子以自强不息 (Tiān xíng jiàn, jūn zǐ yǐ zì qiáng bù xī)

“The movement of Heaven is vigorous, and so the gentleman should constantly strive for self-improvement.”

This quote comes from The Analects of Confucius. This famous quote emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and self-improvement, which are core Confucian values.

2.道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。 (Dào kě dào, fēi cháng dào. Míng kě míng, fēi cháng míng)

“The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal name.”

This quote captures the essence of Taoist philosophy, suggesting that the nature of reality cannot be fully grasped through language.

3.海纳百川，有容乃大 (Hǎi nà bǎi chuān, yǒu róng nǎi dà)

“The sea absorbs all the rivers; to be great, one must be tolerant.”

This quote emphasizes the importance of tolerance and an open mind in achieving great goals.

4.前事不忘，后事之师 (Qián shì bù wàng, hòu shì zhī shī)

“Learn from the past to guide the future.”

This quote underscores the importance of studying history and past experiences to inform future decisions.

FAQs on Chinese Proverbs in Chinese

Q.1: What are Chinese sayings and proverbs?

Chinese proverbs are created and refined by people in their daily work and life. They are usually vivid, concise, catchy, easy to learn and remember.

Chinese proverbs and idioms are usually phrases or rhymes in colloquial form, derived from literary works, history or famous philosophers, writers or poets, etc.

There are two types of Chinese proverbs and idioms: 1. 成语 (chéngyǔ), which usually has four characters; 2. 谚语 (yányǔ), which is relatively long. Both types contain many popular Chinese proverbs that express wisdom and give people wise advice.

Q.2: Are Chinese proverbs still relevant today?

Yes. Chinese proverbs still have relevance in modern life as their timeless wisdom can be applied to a variety of personal and professional challenges. Whether you are working towards your career goals, improving your relationships, or seeking personal growth, meaningful Chinese proverbs can provide valuable lessons that transcend cultural boundaries.

Conclusion

Think back, how many Chinese proverbs can you remember? Chinese proverbs are worth pondering because they encompass many people’s experiences and provide useful wisdom for our daily lives.

We hope this article was helpful to you. If you are interested in learning Chinese and Chinese culture, then you may consider taking WuKong Chinese online courses, and WuKong Chinese has a lot of resources to offer you! Whether you want to learn more about Chinese proverbs, culture, slang, grammar, or anything else, we may have something for you!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Subtracting fractions can be daunting for some pupils, but it is a fundamental math skill they must master. If you think how to subtract fractions sounds difficult, then this guide can help you.

Read on to learn how to add and subtract fractions, how to subtract mixed fractions, how to subtract fractions with like denominators and unlike denominators from whole numbers, and more about subtracting fractions!

What are Fractions?

Fractions are numerical values that represent parts of a whole. Fractions consist of two parts, the numerator and the denominator. The top part of the fraction is called the numerator and the bottom part is called the denominator.

For example, 2/3 is a fraction. Here, 2 is the numerator and 3 is the denominator.

Types of fractions

Based on the numerator and the denominator, there are different types of fractions:

Proper Fraction: In a proper fraction, the numerator is smaller than the denominator. For example: 3/7, 2/7, etc.

Improper Fraction: In improper fractions, the numerator is greater than the denominator. For example: 9/7, 11/9, etc.

Mixed Fraction: A mixed fraction is a combination of a positive fraction and a whole number. For example: 2 ⅘、4 ⅔.

Like Fractions: Fractions with the same denominator are called similar fractions. For example, 9/2, 5/2, 7/2, etc.

Unlike Fractions: Fractions with different denominators are called unlike fractions. Examples: 2/7, 2/9, 3/11, and so on.

Unit Fraction: In a unit fraction, the numerator should be equal to 1. For example, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5.

Equivalent Fractions: Equivalent fractions are fractions that represent the same value. If we multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same value, we get equivalent fractions, such as 2/4, 4/8, 8/16, etc.

Related fractional terms definitions

Before we jump into further steps for subtracting fractions, adding fractions, etc., let’s first cover some basic terms that you’ll come across.

Common denominator: When two or more fractions have the same denominator, they are common denominator.

Common factor: Factors are numbers we multiply together to get another number. When we find the factors of two or more numbers and then find some factors are “common”, then they are called common factors.

Least common multiple (LCM): The least common multiple is the smallest number that is divisible by both denominators.

Greatest common divisor (GCD): The greatest common divisor is the greatest number that will divide a given set of numbers equally.

Simplify: In mathematics, simplifying or simplification is when you reduce the expression, fraction, problem, or result to its simplest form.

What is Subtracting Fractions?

Before we formally learn how to subtract fractions, let’s think about this question: What is Meant by Subtracting Fractions?

In Mathematics, subtracting fractions means the process of the subtraction of two fractional values. We have learned to subtract the whole numbers. For example, the subtraction of 5 from 7 results in 2. (i.e. 7 – 5 = 2). Similarly, we can perform subtraction operations on fractions. Subtracting fractions includes:

• Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators
• Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators
• Subtracting Mixed Fractions
• Subtracting Fractions with Whole Numbers

Now, let’s discuss all these fraction subtractions in detail with examples and learn the steps on how to subtract fractions.

How to Subtract Fractions with Like Denominators

Subtraction of fractions with the same denominator is the subtraction of fractions with the same denominator value. Here are the detailed steps for subtracting fractions with the same denominator.

• Step 1: Keep the denominator values as it is and subtract the numerator value, which will give the result.
• Step 2: If required, simplify the fraction.

Example: Subtract 5/12 from 9/12.

Solution: Given: (9/12) – (5/12)

Here, the denominator values are the same, and keep the value as it is. Now, subtract the numerator values:

(9/12) – (5/12) = (9-5)/12

(9/12) – (5/12) = 4/12

Simplify the fraction, and we get,

(9/12) – (5/12) = 1/3

Therefore, (9/12) – (5/12) = 1/3.

How to Subtract Fractions with Different Denominators

Subtracting fractions with unlike denominators means the subtraction of fractions with different denominator values. To subtract fractions with different denominators:

1. Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of the denominators.
2. Convert the denominator to the LCM value by multiplying the numerator and denominator using the same number.
3. Subtract the numerators, once the fractions have the same denominator values.
4. Simplify the fraction, if required
5. Complete the subtraction.

Example: Subtract 2/3 from 3/5.

Solution: (3/5) – (2/3)

Find the LCM of 3 and 5. The LCM of 3 and 5 is 15. To make the denominators equal, convert the denominators to the LCM value.

Thus, (3/5) – (2/3) = (9/15) – (10/15)

Now, the denominators are equal and we can subtract the numerator values:

(3/5) – (2/3) = (9/15) – (10/15)

= (9-10)/15 = -1/15

So, (3/5) – (2/3) = -1/15.

How to Subtract Mixed Fractions

Here are the steps to subtract mixed fractions:

1. Convert mixed fractions into the improper fraction.
2. Let’s check the denominator values:
   

   If the fractions are like fractions, follow the procedure of subtracting fractions with like denominators.If the fractions are unlike fractions, follow the procedure of subtracting fractions with unlike denominators.

Example: Subtract 8 ⅚ from 15 ¾.

Solution: (15 ¾) – (8 ⅚ )

Now, convert mixed fractions into improper fractions.

(15 ¾) – (8 ⅚ ) = (63/4)- (53/6)

Let’s find the LCM of 4 and 6 and make the denominators equal.

LCM of 4 and 6 is 12

(63/4)- (53/6) = (189/12) – (106/12)

(63/4)- (53/6) = 83/12

Therefore, (15 ¾) – (8 ⅚ ) = 83/12

Note: We can also convert improper fractions to mixed numbers if needed.

How to Subtract Fractions with Whole Numbers

Follow the below steps while subtracting the fractions with whole numbers:

• Step 1: Convert the whole number into the fractional form. For example, if 5 is a whole number, convert it into a fraction as 5/1
• Step 2: Now, follow the procedure of subtracting fractions with unlike denominators.
• Step 3: Simplify the fraction, if required.

Example: Subtract: 2 – (1/2)

Solution:

First, convert the whole number “2” into the fractional form as “2/1”.

2 – (1/2) = (2/1)- (1/2)

Now, take the LCM of 1 and 2.

The LCM of 1 and 2 is 2.

(2/1) – (1/2) = (4/2) – (1/2)

= (4-1)/2 = 3/2

Thus, 2 – (1/2) = 3/2.

How to Add and Subtract fractions

Similar to adding and subtracting whole numbers, fractions can be added and subtracted. First, remember the different types of fractions we mentioned above: like, unlike, and equivalent fractions. An important rule is that we can only add and subtract like fractions.

The reason is simple, that is, you can’t add 2 apples and 3 bananas to get 5 apples, because they are not all apples. The same is true for fractions, you can’t add unlike fractions because they have different “denominators” or units. The same goes for subtraction. You can’t subtract unlike units from one another. Let’s take a look at the steps to add and subtract fractions!

Step 1: Make the fractions like fractions

If you are working with fractions with the same denominator (such as 1/3 and 2/3), then the denominators are already the same, so you can go straight to step 2. However, when you are faced with two fractions with different denominators, you must convert the fractions to the same denominator.

There are two ways to solve this problem:

• If one denominator is a multiple of the other denominator

For instance, (2/4) + (3/8) =?

In this example, the denominators are different: 4 and 8. However, 8 is a multiple of 4. This means that we can multiply 4 x 2 to get 8. By doing this, the denominators are the same, making them act like fractions. However, 2/8 is not an equivalent fraction of 2/4 – leaving it as 2/8 would make it a completely different fraction.

Therefore, we must also multiply the numerator (2) by the same number that we multiplied the denominator by (2). This changes 2/4 to 4/8. 2/4 and 4/8 are equivalent fractions, and 4/8 and 3/8 act like fractions, so now we can add the fractions together. The problem now: (4/8) + (3/8) = 7/8

• If both the denominators have no common factor

Let’s use this problem as an example: (2/5) – (1/4) =?

We can see that the denominators are different: 5 and 4. Also, 4 is not a multiple of 5, and 5 is not a multiple of 4. The simplest thing to do here is to multiply the two denominators together to find a common factor. So: 5 x 4 = 20. Then 20 becomes our new denominator for both fractions.

Remember that you must also multiply the numerators to convert each equation to an equivalent fraction so that the equation remains the same. Thus:

The final result is: 8/20 – 5/20 = 3/20

Step 2: Add and subtract the numerators

Once you have the same fraction, you can add or subtract the numerator. The sum or difference will become the new numerator, and the common denominator discussed in Step 1 will remain the same. (The answers to the above two questions are already given in Step 1.)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the common denominator of ½ and ⅕?

The common denominator is 10.

• We know that 2 and 5 are the denominators, and they do not share any common factors.
• We must multiply 2 x 5 to find the common denominator. The common denominator is 10.
• 2 x 5 = 10

2. What is the simplified fraction of 20/60?

The simplified fraction is 1/3.

• 60 is a multiple of 20.
• 20 goes into itself one time, giving us a numerator of 1.
• 20 goes into 60 three times, giving us a denominator of 3.

Conclusion

Now that you have an understanding of how to subtract fractions, this knowledge will be of great benefit to you whether you are solving math problems or applying fractions in real life.

If you are looking for more in-depth lessons and exercises, you can also check out WuKong online math courses, which are designed to make math fun and accessible to everyone. Let’s explore math together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Some people say Chinese grammar is complicated, and some foreigners think Mandarin Chinese has no grammar… So what are the facts about Chinese grammar? Basic Chinese grammar is not difficult – seriously! The truth is that Chinese grammar is unique.

The Chinese language has its unique characteristics and a great deal of flexibility in grammar. If you’ve studied other languages before, you’ll find that learning Chinese grammar isn’t a typical language learning experience, and there may be a lot of new concepts that you’ve never heard of.

We’ll prove it to you by listing all the key Chinese grammar points you need to know. In this article, we will not only provide basic Chinese language grammar, but we will also give many Chinese sentence examples and rules about sentence structure to help you consolidate your knowledge.

Let’s dive in!

Basic Features of Chinese Grammar

If you have studied common Romance languages such as Spanish or French, you may have wondered how Chinese deals with headache-inducing grammatical problems such as verb conjugation.

Fortunately, these grammatical headaches are almost completely absent in Mandarin Chinese. There are similarities and differences between Chinese and English grammar. The most basic grammatical structures are the most obvious examples of why Chinese grammar is so easy to learn. Here are some unique and simple things to know about basic grammar:

1. Subject verb object

At the most basic level, Chinese sentence structure is strikingly similar to English. Like the English language, many basic Chinese sentences use either subject-verb or subject-verb-object structures. For example sentences:

In the following sentence, the subjects are “她” (tā, she) and “我” (wǒ, I), and the verbs are “去” (qù, go) and “吃” (chī, eat).

Subject-Verb:

Subject-Verb-Object:

2. Time and place

In Chinese, the time at which something happened, is happening, or will happen appears at the beginning of the sentence or immediately following the subject.

In the first sentence below, both the Chinese time word “昨天” (zuótiān) and the English “yesterday” appear at the beginning of the sentence.

However, in the second example, the Chinese time word appears after the subject (他 tā), while the English time word appears at the end of the sentence.

Place words in Chinese also generally require a different word order than in English.

When describing where something happened, you usually need to construct a phrase or a sentence starting with the Chinese character “在” (zài). Your “在” phrase should come after the time word (if any) and before the verb. This can be confusing to English speakers because, in English, positional words usually appear after (not before) verbs.

Here are the examples:

However, keep in mind that there are exceptions to this rule. These exceptions occur with certain verbs used to refer to directional movement, such as “走” (zǒu, “go”), or verbs associated with a specific location, such as “停” (tíng, “stop”) and “住” (zhù, “live”).

Such verbs are allowed to take location complements, which are essentially “在” phrases that come after the verb. For example:

Verbs with location complements are the exception, not the rule. As a beginner in Chinese grammar, the safest thing to do is to put the location before the verb, as this is the most common word order.

3. Plural and singular

Many English nouns have both singular and plural forms. For example, you can say you have “one dog”, but if you have two or more, you must add an “s” to the noun to indicate the plural.

This is not the case in Chinese. Whether you have one, two, or two thousand of something, the noun you use to describe it is the same.

Please note that the Chinese word for “problem” – “问题” (wèntí) does not change, no matter how many problems you have.

In addition, the Chinese language also has a suffix – “们” (men) – that can be added to some words to indicate pluralization, but it is limited to certain pronouns and words that refer to people.

For example, the plural form of “他” (tā) is “他们” (tāmen). If you want to refer to a group of people rather than a single person, you can also use 他们.

Consider the following examples：

4. No noun-adjective gender agreement

As you start to learn more Chinese vocabulary, you will learn a lot of nouns. These words will form the subjects and objects of the sentences you learn. In Chinese, as in English, adjectives do not have to agree in gender or number with the nouns they modify. For example, in French, if a noun is feminine, its corresponding adjective must also be feminine.

Chinese adjectives do not have this variation. Unlike adjectives in many European languages, Chinese adjectives don’t change depending on whether the noun they modify is plural or singular, either.

5. No verb conjugation or tenses

One of the more peculiar aspects of Chinese grammar is the complete lack of verb conjugation.

In English, the third-person singular (he/she/it/one) form of a verb is often different from the other forms. So if the subject is “I”, we say “I go“, but if the subject is “he”, we say “he goes“.

In Chinese, there is no such variation. Whether we say “我去” (wǒ qù) or “他去” (tā qù), the verb “去” (qù, “to go”) is the same. A fact about Chinese is that the Chinese verb stays the same no matter what the subject of the sentence is.

Observe how the verb 吃 (chī, “to eat”) stays the same in all of the following sentences:

Another interesting aspect of grammar in the Chinese language is that Chinese does not have verb tenses. In most Romance and Germanic languages, including English, whether something happened in the past, present, or future is indicated primarily through verb tenses.

In contrast, Chinese uses more grammar. Verbs in Chinese always remain the same and do not need to be conjugated. To express time frame in Chinese, you can use the following Chinese words:

• 了 (le)
• 过 (guò)
• 着 (zhe)
• 在 (zài)
• 正在 (zhèngzài)

The time frame can also be expressed by a specific reference to a point or period, for example:

• 明天 (míngtiān, “tomorrow”)
• 昨天早上 (zuótiān zǎoshang, “yesterday morning”)
• ……的时候 (……de shí hòu, “when…”)

These time markers can be confusing for beginners, so don’t worry if it takes some time to master them. Here are a few examples to give you a basic idea of how they work:

Notice how the verb 去 (qù, “to go”) is left unchanged and unconjugated. The marker 了 (le) is added to the end to indicate past tense.

The following example also uses the verb “去” (qù, to go), but again, there is no conjugation of the verb itself. Instead, the time marker “过” (guò) is used to indicate that the event has begun and ended:

In the following examples, the verb “工作” (gōngzuò, “to work”) is preceded by “在” (zài) to indicate that the action of working is continuous.

Keep in mind that although 在 (zài), 正在 (zhèngzài), and 着 (zhe) are roughly equivalent to the English “-ing” in many contexts, they are generally not interchangeable and have different usages and nuances.

6. Asking questions

Asking basic questions in Chinese is also easy. The easiest way to ask a question is to add “吗”(ma) at the end of a sentence. This method can be used to turn a statement into a yes or no question.

Statement sentence:

Yes or no question sentence:

For more complex questions, Chinese also has question words similar to English. Here is a list of question words in Chinese:

Note that the word order of Chinese questions is different from English, so you may not be able to use all Chinese questions correctly right away. However, it is not difficult to learn how to ask questions, and you can start by using the “吗” (ma) sentence.

7. Negation

Negation is another important point of basic Chinese grammar that beginners must master. The Chinese use two different ways to express negation. The most common is the use of the character “不” (bù), which roughly means “no”, “won’t” or “don’t want”. For example:

The word 不 (bù) can be used in most cases. However, 不 (bù) should never be used with the verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).

If the sentence you want to negate contains the verb 有 (yǒu), then you must use 没 (méi) together to indicate negation. Here are some examples:

8. Measure words

As an English speaker, you already know how to use measure words (also known as “classifiers”), which are more common in English. For example, we often say a “pair” of pants or a “slice” of cake. Both “pair” and “slice” are measure words.

One of the main differences between English and Chinese measure words is that there are much more of them in Chinese. In addition, every noun in Chinese must be preceded by a measure word, whereas in English, only some nouns require measure words.

Moreover, “个” (gè) is the most commonly used Chinese measure word, so if you choose to use it when you’re unsure, you’ll probably get lucky and make a correct sentence! Don’t worry. Even if you use it incorrectly, people usually understand what you mean. Here are a few common Chinese measure words:

The Most Basic Chinese Sentence Structures

Now that you are familiar with the basic elements of Chinese grammar, let’s take a look at the most common sentence structures in Chinese and some examples.

1. Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)

The most basic grammatical structure in English is also the most basic grammatical structure in Chinese. You are accustomed to starting with a subject, then a verb, and finally an object. In other words, the structure of the sentence is “Who does what”.

Here are some examples:

• I study Chinese. — 我学习中文。 (wǒ xué xí zhōng wén)
• Mom eats fruit. — 妈妈吃水果。 (mā ma chī shuí guǒ)
• I love Shanghai. — 我爱上海。 (wǒ ài shàng hǎi)

2. Subject + Time + Verb + (Object)

The next sentence pattern adds the element of time. As you learned earlier in this article, time always appears at the beginning of a sentence, usually immediately after the subject. This will help you immediately identify when something happened, thus eliminating the need to conjugate verbs.

• I will rest today. — 我今天会休息。 (wǒ jīn tiān huì xiū xi)
• She studies Chinese in the mornings. — 她早上学习中文。 (tā zǎo shàng xué xí zhōng wén)
• I watched a movie yesterday. — 我昨天看了一部电影。 (wǒ zuó tiān kàn le yí bù diàn yǐng)

3. Subject + Time + Location + Verb + (Object)

You can add the location of an action by using the preposition 在 (zài) followed by the location right before the main verb of the sentence.

Here’s what that looks like:

• We will meet at the door tomorrow. — 我们明天在门口见面。(wǒ men míng tiān zài mén kǒu jiàn miàn)
• My sister will compete in the sports field today. — 我妹妹今天在运动场比赛。(wǒ mèi mei jīn tiān zài yùn dòng chǎng bǐ sài)

4. Subject + Time + Location + Verb + Duration + (Object)

This is the longest of the basic sentence structures and it allows you to express a great deal of information without using any complex grammatical structures. Here are a few examples:

• I studied in the library for six hours yesterday. — 我昨天在图书馆学了六个小时。 (wǒ zuó tiān zài tú shū guǎn xué le liù gè xiǎo shí)
• Dad will work ten hours in the office tomorrow. — 爸爸明天在办公室会工作十个小时。 (bà ba míng tiān zài bàn gōng shì huì gōng zuò shí gè xiǎo shí)
• I exercise in the gym for forty-five minutes every day. — 我每天在健身房锻炼四十五分钟。 (wǒ měi tiān zài jiàn shēn fáng duàn liàn sì shí wǔ fēn zhōng)

5. The 把 (bǎ) Sentence

The “把” (bǎ) sentence is a useful structure for making long sentences. The focus of the “把” (bǎ) sentence is on the action and its object.

This is a very common sentence pattern in Chinese, but it can feel a bit strange to English speakers (at least at first). Like English, basic sentences in Chinese are formed using the subject-verb-object (SVO) word order:

Subject + [verb phrase] + object

In a “把” (bǎ) sentence, things are changed and the structure goes like this:

Subject + 把 (bǎ) + object + [verb phrase]

Now we can see that the object has moved, it is preceded by “把” (bǎ), and the order is SOV. So why use this somewhat strange (at least strange to English speakers) sentence?

Although you may think you’ll never use “把” sentences, they’re still handy. Let’s look at the following example:

把笔放在桌子上。(bǎ bǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shàng) — Put the pen on the table..

What to say if you don’t use the “把” structure? You might say it like this: 笔放在桌子上。(bǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shàng)

Although this sentence is grammatically correct, the meaning may change. 笔放在桌子上 (without 把, bǎ) can mean the same thing, but it could also mean “The pen is on the table”. It is the answer to two questions: (1) where should I put the pen?, and (2) where is the pen?

The 把 (bǎ) sentence is clearer. 把笔放在桌子上 is a command; you are telling someone to put the pen on the table. There is less room for confusion.

General Rules for Chinese Grammar

While it is important to learn grammatical details in small chunks, it is also very useful to familiarize yourself with some general Chinese grammar rules. These are not specific grammatical structures, but general facts about Chinese that apply in most situations. They can help you understand Mandarin Chinese and how it works.

Rule 1: What precedes modifies what follows

This rule may seem a bit complicated, but it’s very simple. It simply means that the modifier comes before the thing being modified. The Chinese language has always had this rule, from ancient texts to modern vernaculars.

Let’s take a few simple examples to illustrate this rule.

• He doesn’t like expensive things. — 他不喜欢贵的东西。(Tā bù xǐhuan guì de dōngxi)
• My brother drives slowly. — 我哥哥慢慢地开车。(Wǒ gēgē mànmande kāichē)
• She can drink a lot of beer. — 她能喝很多啤酒。(Tā néng hē hěnduō píjiǔ)

As you can see, in each Chinese sentence, the modifier comes before the thing it modifies. 贵的 (expensive) comes before 东西 (thing), 慢慢地 (slowly) comes before 开车 (drive), and 很多 (a lot) comes before 啤酒 (beer). Notice how the position of the modifier changes in the English sentence.

Knowing the “modifiers come first” rule in Chinese grammar is very helpful in the early stages of learning Chinese. It allows you to master sentence structure faster because you can more easily identify modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) and the things they modify (nouns and verbs).

Rule 2: Chinese is topic-prominent

This is a rule that English speakers often have trouble getting used to. Chinese is a topic prominent. This means that it puts the thing that the sentence is about first. English, on the other hand, is subject salient, which means that it puts the actor in the sentence (the subject) first.

For instance, I’ve finished my work.

In this simple sentence, the subject is “I”, but that is not really the point of the sentence. The subject of the sentence is not the speaker, but the job. So the subject of this sentence is “work”.

Because the Chinese language is topic-first, it is usually possible and very natural to put the topic, rather than the subject, first in a sentence. However, it is possible to do this in English, but it sounds less natural, as you can see in the following example:

• 香蕉我不太喜欢。(xiāng jiāo wǒ bù tài xǐ huān) — Bananas, I don’t really like.
• 美国我没去过。 (měi guó wǒ méi qù guò) — America, I haven’t been to.

According to Chinese grammar rules, the above sentence is perfectly fine to use, but it is very strange in English. Please note that you can also put the subject in front of it so that the Chinese sentence is also grammatically correct.

Rule 3: Chinese is logical

Finally, let’s talk about the most general rules of Chinese grammar. One of the joys of learning Chinese is that it is a very logical and consistent language. This is very true of Chinese vocabulary, as you can usually see the logic behind most words very clearly. The same is true of Chinese grammar rules, which tend to be consistent and reusable once you’ve learned them.

One example of this is that Chinese tends to be expressed only once in a sentence. For example, if time has already been stated clearly, it does not need to be indicated again. Similarly, the number of a noun only needs to be indicated once in most cases. As you learn the language, these examples will become more and more common. Keep this in mind, and you will often find yourself able to guess more accurately how new things are expressed in Chinese.

FAQs on Chinese Grammar

1. How does Chinese grammar compare to English grammar?

Answer:

• Similar Word Order: Both use SVO structure
  

  One of the most comforting aspects of Chinese grammar for English speakers is that both languages follow the subject-verb-object (SVO) structure. This means that a sentence like “I eat apples” in English can be directly translated into “我吃苹果。” in Chinese with the same word order.

• No Articles: Forget about “A” or “The”
  

  One major difference is that the Chinese do not use articles such as “a” or “the”. Instead, quantifiers or context can indicate whether you are referring to something specific or general.

• Simplified Verb Usage: No tense conjugation
  

  Unlike verbs in English, which change form according to tense (e.g., “go” vs. “went”), verbs in Chinese remain unchanged. Instead, time is expressed through time words or context.

2. How do you say “grammar” in Chinese?

Answer: Grammar in the Chinese language is 语法 (yǔfǎ).

3. Is Chinese grammar easy?

Answer: Chinese grammar can be a bit confusing at first, but it is much simpler than the grammar of other languages!

Once you understand the basic structure, Chinese grammar is easy to use.

Conclusion

Learning Chinese grammar doesn’t have to be a daunting task. By mastering the effective information given in this article, you will find your journey to Chinese grammar mastery both rewarding and fun.

We hope that this article has helped you gain a basic understanding of Chinese grammar and that you are ready to learn more! If you are interested in expanding your mastery of the basics of Chinese, you can also take the WuKong Chinese course. We hope your Chinese learning journey is fun!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

There are many math terms that help us describe and solve problems in everyday life. One of these terms is “product,” which is the basis for understanding multiplication. But what does product mean in math, and why is it so important? Simply put, a product results from multiplying two or more numbers. For example, if you multiply 2 and 3, the product is 6. This concept is one of the foundations of math, especially for kids who are just starting to learn multiplication.

In this article, we will explore the product meaning in math, how to find the product in math, the product of fractions and decimals, and help you better understand the concept with solved examples of product. Whether you are a student, parent, or teacher, this guide will make understanding products in math simple and easy.

What Does Product Mean in Math?

Here is the definition of a product: In math, a product is the result obtained by multiplying numbers. The numbers being multiplied are called factors. Therefore, when we multiply factors together, whether they are whole numbers, fractions, or decimals, the final result of the multiplication operation is called the product. This concept is at the heart of many areas in math, which is why understanding the definition of product is so important.

For example, if you multiply 6 by 3, the product is 18.

How to find the product in math?

To calculate the product of two or more numbers, multiply them together. The product of 9 and 3 is 27 because 9 × 3 = 27. The product of 9, 3, and 4 is 108 because 9 × 3 = 27 and 27 × 4 = 108. Since multiplication is an exchange operation, the numbers in the calculation can be in any order.

Consider a simple example:

To calculate the product of 2, 3, and 4, you can multiply them in any order. You can multiply 2 and 3 to get 6, then multiply 6 by 4 to get 24. Alternatively, you can multiply 4 and 2 to get 8, then multiply 8 by 3 to get 24. This flexibility is due to the commutative nature of multiplication, which means that the order of the numbers does not change the product.

It is also important to remember that the mathematical product of any number and zero is always zero. This is the zero property of multiplication.

When calculating fractions or decimals, the process is essentially the same. You can directly multiply fractions or decimals. However, calculating these operations may require extra steps or a good grasp of fractions and decimals.

Why is understanding the concept of product important?

The concept of “product” is an essential math skill. Familiarity with the concept of “product” helps to make it easier to understand more advanced topics.

Moreover, the “product” also has a wide range of applications in daily life, from calculating the price of multiple items to calculating the area of a room. Therefore, understanding “product” is not only useful for learning, but also for daily life!

Explain Product When Different Properties of Multiplication are Used

There are 4 properties of multiplication:

• Commutative property
• Associative property
• Multiplicative identity property
• Distributive property

Commutative property

According to this property of multiplication, the order of the multiplier and the product does not matter. The product remains the same regardless of the order.

The property is given as: a x b = b x a

Let’s find the product in the example given below:

For example, a = 4 and b = 11

The product of a and b is a x b = 4x 11 = 44

If the order of a and b is exchanged, the product is b x a = 11 x 4 = 44

Associative property

When three or more numbers are multiplied together, the product remains the same irrespective of the order of the numbers. The property is given as: (a x b) x c = (b x c) x a = (a x c) x b

For example, a = 3, b = 5, and c = 7

The product of a, b, and c is a x b x c = 3 x 5 x 7 = 105

1. If initially a and b were multiplied and then c was multiplied, the product would be given as
   

   (a x b) x c = (3 x 5) x 7 = 15 x 7 =105

2. If initially b and c were multiplied and then a was multiplied, the product would be given as
   

   (b x c) x a = (5 x 7) x 3 = 35 x 3 = 105

3. Similarly, If initially a and c were multiplied and then b was multiplied, the product would be given as
   

   (a x c) x b = (3 x 7) x 5 = 21 x 5 = 105

Multiplicative identity property

By this property, any number multiplied by 1 gives the number itself.

The property is as follows: a x (1) = a

For example, when 2 is multiplied by 1, the product is 2, which is the number itself.

Distributive Property

The sum of any two numbers multiplied by a third number can be expressed as the sum of each additive number multiplied by the third number. This property is expressed as: a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)

Let’s try finding the product for this case. For example, a = 2, b = 4, and c = 6

Applying distributive property, we get a x (b + c) = 2 x (4 + 6) = 2 x 10 = 20

As per the property, (a x b) + (a x c) = (2 x 4) + (2 x 6) = 8 + 12 = 20

Product of Fractions and Decimals

So far, we’ve learned how to calculate the product of whole numbers. Now we will learn how to find the product of fractions and decimals!

Product of fractions

Let us learn this concept with the help of an example.

Suppose we ask for the product of the fractions 5/2 and 3/4.

Step 1: Multiply the numerator by the numerator and the denominator by the denominator.

Step 2: If you get an improper fraction, you can convert this into a mixed number.

We can also use the same method to find the product of two mixed numbers, a fraction and a mixed number, or even a whole number and a fraction, just make sure to convert the multiplier and the multiplicand into fraction form first.

Products of decimals

What makes decimals different? The answer is the decimal point!

Multiplying two decimals is the same as multiplying two whole numbers, the difference being that we need to pay attention to the decimal point.

Here is an example to make it easier for you to understand: calculate the multiplication of 1.5 and 1.2.

• Step 1: Count the number of digits after the decimal point in both numbers.
  

  Both 1.5 and 1.2 are one digit after the decimal point.

• Step 2: So the total number of digits after the decimal point in our multiplication expression is 1 + 1 = 2.
• Step 3: Multiply the two numbers without the decimal point.
  

  15 x 12 = 180

• Step 4: In this product, starting from the right, place the decimal point after the same number of places as the total found in Step 2. This is the answer to multiplying decimals.
  

  Therefore, after 2 digits from the right of 180, the product is 1.80

Thus, the product of 1.5 and 1.2 will be 1.8.

Solved Examples of Product in Math

Example 1: Tom has 4 boxes of apples. If 1 box has 3 apples, how many apples does he have?

Solution: In this example, the multiplicand is 3 and the multiplier is 4.

Hence, the total number of apples Tom has = the product of 4 and 3, or 4 ✕ 3 = 12

Example 2: Calculate the product of 0.06 and 0.3.

Solution:

• First, let’s calculate the number of decimal places.
• Number of decimal places for 0.06 = 2
• Number of decimal places for 0.3 = 1
• Total number of decimal places in the final answer = 2 + 1 = 3
• Now let’s multiply the two numbers without the decimal point: 6 ✕ 3 = 18
• Putting the decimal point from the right after the 3 digits of this product, we get 0.018.

The final product is 0.06 ✕ 0.3 = 0.018.

Example 3: What is the product of the numbers “n” and “(n+1)”? Help Jake find it.

Solution: In this case, the number “n” is the multiplier, and “(n+1)” is the product.

The product is n x (n + 1)

Applying distributive property of multiplication, Jake will get

n x (n + 1) = (n x n) + (n x 1) = n² + n

Jake finds that the product is n² + n

Frequently Asked Questions

Q.1: Which two numbers have a sum of 15 and a product of 36?

The two numbers which have sum 15 and product 36 are 12 and 3.

Q.2: What happens when you calculate the product of a number and 0?

When you calculate the product of a number with 0, you get the answer as 0.

For instance, 7 ✕ 0 = 0; this is called the zero property of multiplication.

Q.3: What is the product of the first 50 whole numbers?

The product of the first 50 whole numbers is 0.

Conclusion

The concept of product in mathematics is a fundamental building block that students encounter throughout their studies. With this study, you will now be able to easily solve problems in math such as products, finding products, and what a product is.

For students, mastering this concept requires practice and familiarity with the rules of multiplication. Remember, the more you practice, the easier it will be to calculate and understand multiplication in math. So, keep practicing and soon, solving problems involving products will become easy!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

The multiplication chart 1-12 is an essential tool for children and primary school students to learn the basics of multiplication. It is a foundational resource that helps children understand number relationships and builds confidence in calculations, laying the foundation for further math learning.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the 1-12 multiplication table, from its definition and benefits to practical tips on how to use it effectively. Whether you’re looking for free printable multiplication chart 1-12 PDF, multiplication table memorization tips, or a blank multiplication chart PDF, we’ve got you covered. Let’s learn math together with this fun and easy to remember effective method!

What is a Multiplication Chart 1-12?

A multiplication chart, indicated by “×”, is a basic operation that adds numbers to create a product. A diagram showing the result of multiplying numbers within a specified range is called a multiplication table. It is usually organized in the form of a grid with rows and columns, and each cell contains the result of multiplying the numbers in the row and column that match it.

The multiplication chart 1-12 is a visual table that displays the results of multiplying 1 through 12. The multiplication table is one of the most important tools for learning multiplication. If your child is having trouble memorizing multiplication or multiplication tables, multiplication tables are a great idea to get them to grasp the concept and learn multiplication easily.

Benefits of using a multiplication chart 1-12

There are several benefits to using printable multiplication tables 1-12:

• Accessibility: Print them out and keep them handy for quick reference when doing homework or in class.
• Customizable for Learning: Blank multiplication charts allow kids to fill in their answers, reinforcing memorization through practice.
• Versatility: Tables can be used for a variety of activities such as quizzes, games, and exercises.

Free Printable Multiplication Chart 1-12

Free printable multiplication tables and charts 1-12 are a valuable resource for parents, teachers, and students who are looking for simple and effective ways to learn or teach multiplication. Below we have provided a variety of printable multiplication tables and charts PDF for your use:

The multiplication chart 1 to 12

Here is a 1 to 12 multiplication chart for your quick reference:

Multiplication times tables 1-12

We also provide you with multiplication times tables 1-12, as well as a free printable PDF for a clearer understanding of multiplication from 1 to 12!

Click here for download:

How to use free printable multiplication charts?

Here are some common formats for multiplication charts and their uses:

• Color Charts: These charts are great for younger children because bright colors make learning more engaging and visually appealing. For example, specific colors can be used to highlight multiples (e.g., blue for multiples of 5, green for multiples of 10).
• Blank Charts: Blank multiplication charts are ideal practice tools. Students can fill in the charts themselves to enhance memorization and comprehension.
• Black and White Charts: These charts are great for quick reference, especially for older children who do not need colorful visuals. (For example, the reference chart we gave above.)

By downloading and using free printable multiplication charts, children can be provided with an organized and consistent way to learn multiplication facts at their own pace.

How to Remember the Multiplication Chart?

Teaching your child the multiplication tables can be as simple as having them do a series of tasks that test their memory rather than relying solely on boring repetition.

• Practice often: Mastering multiplication tables requires consistent practice. Schedule some time each day to review multiplication facts.
• Grouping techniques: Group similar multiplication phrases together. For example, 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 are both equal to 12. Understanding conversion properties can make memorization easier.
• Number Trends: Look for patterns in the multiplication sequence of a chart. Understanding patterns, such as multiples of 5 ending in 0 or 5, makes memorization more natural.
• Engaging Games: You can play multiplication games and activities using real objects or online. Engaging, fun activities promote learning and memorization.
• Placards: Make flashcards with multiplication problems on one side and solutions on the other. Use them for quick, repetitive practice to improve memory.

Reading a Multiplication Chart

Reading multiplication tables may seem difficult, but it is very simple. Let’s break it down:

• Locate the Numbers: The first step in using a multiplication table is to identify the numbers to multiply. These numbers will be listed on the left side (rows) and at the top (columns) of the chart.
• Find the Intersection: After determining the two numbers to be multiplied, follow the rows of the first number and the columns of the second number. The multiplication provides the intersection of the rows and columns on the chart.
  

  Thus, starting with the number 6 on the left, if you want to answer 6 x 8 on the multiplication chart, move one row to the right until column 8. Where the two numbers overlap you will get the answer 48. This method gets easier and easier as you practice.

The purpose of the multiplication table is to eliminate the need for mental arithmetic by providing a quick and easy reference for calculating the product of any two numbers within a specified range. This helps children learn multiplication clearly and easily. Visual charts are better for memorization and retention.

FAQs on Multiplication Chart 1-12

1. Is it important to learn the multiplication tables?

Yes, learning the multiplication table or how to multiply helps children to grasp the concept of multiplication individually as well as to understand the integrated concepts of math. It is useful at every step of the way.

2. Does the order of numbers in multiplication matter?

No, the order of the integers in multiplication does not matter. The answer is always the same. For example, multiplying 2 by 3 gives 6, and multiplying 3 by 2 gives the same result of 6.

Conclusion

Multiplication tables from 1 to 20 are an invaluable resource for students and anyone else looking to improve their math skills. Start practicing today and improve your math confidence.

If your child is having any trouble learning the multiplication tables and other math facts, you can take WuKong Math online one-on-one guidance course and let a professional math tutor teach your child, and together you can improve your math skills!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Multiplication is one of the most important math skills children need to master in early education. It is the foundation for more advanced math concepts such as division, fractions, and algebra. Learning multiplication also improves problem-solving skills and helps children understand everyday math applications such as counting money, telling time, or measuring ingredients in recipes.

This article will introduce multiplication in a fun and effective way. Whether you are looking for simple explanations for beginners, fun multiplication examples, or printable multiplication tables for PDF download, this article will provide you with everything you need to make learning multiplication easy and enjoyable.

What is Multiplication?

Multiplication is an operation that represents the basic idea of adding the same numbers repeatedly. The numbers being multiplied are called factors and the result obtained by multiplying two or more numbers is called the product of these numbers. Multiplication is used to simplify the task of adding the same numbers over and over again.

This may seem like a big concept for kids, but with simple explanations and examples, it will become easier to understand. Essentially, multiplication is a faster way to add the same number multiple times. For example, instead of saying 3 + 3 + 3, we can simply say 3 × 3, which equals 9.

Here’s another example to help you better understand the definition of multiplication:

Examples: If there are 7 cartons of eggs and each carton contains 9 eggs, find the total number of eggs.

Solution: First of all, we can solve this problem by adding, but it will take longer to add these up. In other words, 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 63 eggs. Using addition in this case would be tedious. In other words, multiplication is easier when we have larger numbers to calculate.

Now, let’s use multiplication to solve this problem. We will multiply the total number of boxes by the number of eggs in each box. If we multiply 7 × 9, we get the total number of eggs, which is 7 × 9 = 63 eggs. It can be seen that by using multiplication for arithmetic we can get the same result in less time. This is why multiplication is also known as repeated addition.

Multiplication Chart & Table

A multiplication table is a table that represents the product of two numbers. Having a multiplication table saves a lot of time and effort in calculations.

We will also provide printable multiplication tables from 1 to 20 download:

Multiplication Chart 1 to 10

Times table chart 1 to 10 consists of the numbers written from 1 to 10 on the top-most row of the grid as well as on the left-most column of the grid. Here’s a multiplication table 1 to 10:

Multiplication Chart 1 to 20

The charts list multiples of 1 to 20. These tables are very useful in solving math problems and calculations.

Importance of multiplication tables for students

Multiplication tables, also known as math multiplication tables, are a fundamental part of arithmetic calculations. Children have a much stronger memory than adults. What we learn at an early age has a strong impact on the brain and is retained throughout life.

Math multiplication tables are very useful and some of the uses of these math tables are given below:

• Math tables help students in learning math.
• Makes it easier for students to solve math problems.
• Makes students memorize the knowledge about multiplication firmly.

Multiplication Formula

The multiplication formula is expressed as: multiplicand × multiplier = product

• Multiplicand: The first number (factor).
• Multiplier: The second number (factor).
• Product: the final result after multiplying the multiplier and the multiplicand.
• Multiplication symbol: ‘×’ (a cross symbol connects the entire expression)

For example, 4 (multiplicand) x 6 (multiplier) = 24 (final product). Using this basic concept of multiplication, you can then learn how to solve multiplication problems.

Multiplication Tricks

Multiplying single-digit numbers is a simple task. However, multiplying two or more digits is a difficult and time-consuming task. Here are some multiplication mnemonics that students can memorize as they work out the product.

• Multiplication of numbers can be done in any order. (5 x 4 = 4 x 5)
• When multiplying a number by a multiple of 10, simply add a 0 equal to the multiple of 10 next to the multiplier.(e.g. 7 x 100 = 700)
• If multiplying by three numbers, multiply by the smaller number first for quicker calculations, then multiply by the third number.
• If the multiplication includes two- or three-digit numbers, write the expansion of those numbers before multiplying. (Example: 45 x 9 = (40 + 5) x 9 = 40 x 9 + 5 x 9 = 360 + 45 = 405)

How to Solve Multiplication Problems?

When solving multiplication problems, one-digit numbers can be multiplied simply by using the multiplication table, but for larger numbers, such as values in the hundreds and thousands, we have to use their respective place value and group the numbers into columns to multiply them.

Besides, there are two types of multiplication problems: multiplication without grouping and multiplication with regrouping. Let’s understand both with the help of examples.

Multiplication without regrouping

Multiplication of two numbers without regrouping involves smaller numbers that do not require rounding to the next higher place value. This basic level helps learners understand the fundamentals of multiplication before moving on to higher level problems. Let’s understand this through the following example.

Example: Multiply 4013 by 2.

Solution:

• Step 1: Start with the digits in the first digit. (2 × 3 = 6)
• Step 2: Multiply 2 by the number in the tens place.(2 × 1 = 2)
• Step 3: Now, multiply 2 by the number in the hundreds place. (2 × 0 = 0)
• Step 4: Finally, multiply 2 by the number in the thousands place. (2 × 4 = 8)
• Step 5: 4013 × 2 = 8026

Multiplication with regrouping

Multiplication with regrouping over two digits is a multiplication where the product is two digits. In this multiplication operation, we need to round the multiplier to the next higher place value. Let us understand this with the help of the following example.

Example: Multiply 2468 by 8.

Solution:

• Step 1: Start with the digit in ones place, that is, 8 × 8 = 64 ones which means 6 tens 4 ones. So, carry 6 tens to the tens column.
• Step 2: Multiply 8 with the digit in the tens place, that is, 8 × 6 = 48 tens. We’ll add this to the carry-over. This means 48 + 6 (carry-over from step 1) = 54. Carry 5 to the hundreds column.
• Step 3: Multiply 8 with the digit in the hundreds place, 8 × 4 = 32 hundreds. Now, let us add this to the carry-over from the previous step. This means 32 + 5 (carry-over from step 2) = 37. Then, we will again carry 3 to thousands column.
• Step 4: Multiply 8 with the digit in the thousands place, that is, 8 × 2 = 16 thousands. So, let us again add this to the carry-over, that is, 16 + 3 (carry-over from step 3) = 19
• Step 5: The final product of 2468 × 8 = 19744.

Multiplication Examples

See a few more examples of multiplication here:

• Multiplication of 3 and 3 = 3 x 3 = 9
• Multiplication of 4 by 7 = 4 x 7 = 28
• Multiplication of 5 by 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25; 5 x 5 = 25
• Multiplication of 10 x 10 = 100
• Multiplication of 7 by 8 = 7 x 8 = 56

Properties of Multiplication

The properties of multiplication are:

• Closure Property
• Commutative property
• Associative property
• Distributive property
• Identity property
• Zero property

Closure property of multiplication

The product of two integers is an integer (5 x 3 = 15). The product of two fractions is either a fraction or an integer (1/2 x 2 = 1)

Commutative property of multiplication

The commutative property of multiplication states that if A and B are any two integers, then:

A x B = B x A

For example, 2 x 8 = 8 x 2 = 16

Associative property of multiplication

As per the associative property of multiplication, if A, B, and C are any three integers, then:

A × (B × C) = (A × B) × C

For example, 2 × (3 × 4) = (2 × 3) × 4 = 24

Distributive property of multiplication

According to the distributive property of multiplication, if A, B, and C are any three integers, then:

A × (B + C) = (A × B) + (A × C)

For example: 4 × (2 + 3) = 4 × 2 + 4 × 3 = 20

Identity property of multiplication

If we multiply any value by 1, its value remains the same:

A x 1 = A

For example, 3 x 1 = 3

Zero property of multiplication

The zero property of multiplication states that any number multiplied by 0 is equal to zero only. Where A is any integer:

A x 0 = 0

For example: 7 x 0 = 0

Multiplication sign

When multiplying two or more numbers, if the symbols (+ and -) are different, the output results will be different, the specific symbol rules are as follows:

Note: When two positive integers are multiplied together, the result is positive; when a positive integer is multiplied by a negative integer or vice versa, the result is negative; when two negative integers are multiplied together, the result is a positive integer.

Multiplication Using Number Line

Multiplication on a number line is the operation of multiplying a given set of numbers by a number line. A number line is a visual representation of numbers on a straight line. We know that multiplication is also known as repeated addition. Therefore, to multiply on a number line, we start from zero and move to the right of the number line a given number of times.

For example, multiply 3 x 5 on a number line. Observe the number line below to see how 3 × 5 = 15 works. We will start at zero and move to the right of the number line. This will give us 15.

Word Problems on Multiplication

Multiplication word problems can be easily solved by looking at the situation carefully and finding a solution. In addition, let us understand the theory behind multiplication word problems in real life with the help of interesting examples.

Q.1: If Jane has 11 baskets with 5 apples in each basket, how many apples does Jane have in total?

Solution:

• Number of baskets Jane has = 11
• Number of apples in each basket = 5
• Total number of apples = (number of baskets) × (number of apples in each basket)
  

  = 11 × 5 = 55

• Therefore, Jane has 55 apples.

Q.2: Harry bought 3 boxes of chocolates from the market. If each box has 50 chocolates, how many chocolates does he have in total?

Solution:

• No. of boxes = 3 No. of boxes = 3
• Number of chocolates per box = 50
• Total number of chocolates = 3 x 50 = 150
• Hence, Harry has 150 chocolates.

Q.3: Find the product of 13.99 × 10000.

Solution:

• 13.99 × 10000
  

  = 139900.00= 139900

FAQs on Multiplication

1. What are the rules of multiplication?

The main rules of multiplication are:

1. When two integers are multiplied together, the result is an integer value
2. When a value is multiplied by 0, the result is 0
3. When a value is multiplied by 1, the result is the same
4. The order in which two or more numbers are multiplied does not matter

2. What is a multiplication fact?

A multiplication fact is the product of two specific numbers. The order in which the numbers are arranged does not change the product. For example, 2 x 3 = 6 and 3 x 2 = 6.

Conclusion

By using the resources and math tips shared in this guide, you can make the process of learning math enjoyable and effective for your child.

Remember, the goal is not just to memorize the basics like the multiplication tables, but to help your child truly understand and apply multiplication in a meaningful way. With continued practice and encouragement, children will not only master basic math skills but also develop a lifelong love of learning math.

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Mastering the Chinese writing strokes order can be a daunting task for beginners of the Chinese language. Chinese characters may look like an unrecognizable mass of squiggles and dots, but every Chinese character has a set of basic strokes and follows clear rules of stroke order.

Learning to write Chinese characters may seem challenging, but understanding the basics of Chinese character stroke order can make the process much easier. Mastering the basic rules of Chinese character stroke order is an important prerequisite when you are writing Chinese characters.

In this guide, we’ll break down the basic rules and techniques you need to know to write Chinese characters accurately. We’ll also walk you through the basics of Chinese stroke order, explain its importance, and provide practical tips and resources to help you master it. Whether you are a beginner or are improving your Chinese writing skills, this guide will help you take the next step in learning Chinese!

What is Chinese Stroke Order?

The stroke order of Chinese characters refers to the order in which the individual strokes of a Chinese character are written. Each stroke follows specific rules developed over thousands of years to ensure consistency, balance, and clarity of writing. Following these rules not only makes your writing look professional but also ensures that others can read your characters correctly.

For Chinese learners, the order of strokes is the basis for understanding the construction of Chinese characters. Using the correct order will make your writing process smoother over time.

Why is Chinese writing stroke order important?

• Better writing and character balance: When you write Chinese characters in the correct stroke order, your characters look more proportional and beautiful. In Chinese culture, handwriting is an art, and the correct order of strokes ensures that your writing is both beautiful and legible.
  

  For example, the character “书” (shū) means “book”, and if you don’t write the character in stroke order, it will look awkward and untidy. Writing according to the rules ensures that each part of the character is proportionally and visually consistent.

• Easier recognition by handwriting input tools: Handwriting recognition tools rely on the correct order of strokes. Characters written in the wrong order can confuse these tools, making it difficult to enter characters accurately.
  

  With the correct stroke order, you can ensure that handwritten characters are effectively recognized, saving time and reducing frustration when using digital learning or translation tools.

  
  
• Enhanced Memory and Cognitive Comprehension: When you write characters in the correct order, you activate both motor skills and visual memory, making it easier to remember difficult or complex characters.

8 Basic Strokes in Chinese Characters

Chinese characters are complex, but their complexity becomes easier to deal with once you break them down into their basic strokes. Learning these basic strokes in Chinese characters is essential for mastering Chinese writing strokes order, as they determine the order and structure of every character. For beginners, knowing these basic strokes can make learning Chinese characters less difficult and provide a solid foundation for advanced writing.

Here are the eight basic strokes:

1. Horizontal Stroke (横, héng): A straight horizontal line written from left to right. Examples: “一” (yī), “二” (èr).
2. Vertical Stroke (竖, shù): Vertical lines written from top to bottom. Examples: “十” (shí), “下” (xià).
3. Left-falling Stroke (撇, piě): A diagonal line from the upper right to the lower left. Examples: “人” (rén), “文” (wén).
4. Right-falling Stroke (捺, nà): A diagonal line from the upper left to the lower right. Examples: “八” (bā), “入” (rù).
5. Dot Stroke (点, diǎn): A small downward dot or tick. Examples: “小” (xiǎo), “心” (xīn).
6. Rising Stroke (提, tí): A short upper stroke written from left to right. Examples: “我” (wǒ), “打” (dǎ).
7. Hook Stroke (钩, gōu): A stroke with a small hook at the end, which can be connected to a horizontal, vertical, or vertical stroke. Examples: “马” (mǎ), “你” (nǐ).
8. Bend Stroke (折, zhé): A stroke that changes direction drastically, e.g. from horizontal to vertical. Examples: “田” (tián), “口” (kǒu), “日” (rì).

Basic Rules of Chinese Writing Stroke Order

The writing of Chinese characters follows a set of logical rules to ensure balance, clarity, and ease of writing. These rules have been developed over centuries and are essential for anyone learning the stroke order of Chinese characters. After all, the Chinese character is an art form, and stroke order rules are especially important when writing Chinese calligraphy. However, you can think of these instructions as a guide to basic writing stroke order rather than the universal rules of Chinese writing.

You can write the characters with a pen, pencil, or brush and ink. At first, some of the rules may seem complicated or even contradictory. However, with a little practice, they soon become intuitive. After a while, you will no longer need to think about these rules.

Please note that there are slight differences in stroke order between the simplified Chinese characters widely used in mainland China and the traditional Chinese characters used in other regions.

1. Top to bottom

One of the most basic rules of Chinese character stroke order is that strokes are generally written from top to bottom. In other words, start writing from the top of a character and work your way down.

For example, the character “言” (yán) is written from the topmost stroke and then downwards. Here is the animated stroke order of the character “言”.

2. Left to right

After following the “top to bottom” rule, the next most important rule is to write from left to right. When elements of a character are next to each other, the character is written from left to right.

For example, in the character “位” (wèi), the left stroke is written first and then moved to the right stroke.

3. Horizontal before vertical strokes

Whenever a horizontal and vertical stroke crosses, write the horizontal stroke first, then the vertical stroke. If a vertical line crosses a horizontal line, write all the horizontal lines first.

For example, “丰” (fēng), horizontal strokes are always written before vertical strokes.

4. First right-to-left diagonals, then left-to-right diagonals

The rule states that when both strokes appear in the same character, the left-hand side should be written before the right-hand side. The left-hand side is usually the longer or more prominent stroke, so writing the left-hand side first creates a solid foundation for adding the right-hand side.

This rule sounds complicated, but it’s quite simple. That is, for diagonal downward strokes, write the right-to-left diagonal (丿) first, then the left-to-right diagonal (㇏).

Example characters: “八” (bā), “人” (rén), “交” (jiāo).

5. Center comes first in vertically symmetrical characters

When you write a character that is centered and roughly symmetrical (but not stacked from top to bottom), the general rule is to write the center front first. See the character “小” (xiǎo), which means “small”.

6. Move from outside to inside and close frames last

You want to create the frame of the character before filling it in. So, with the character “固” (gù), you write the outer enclosure first, then the little box, then the line at the bottom that “shuts the door”.

7. Character-spanning strokes last

Strokes that span all other strokes are usually written last. For example, the character “半” (bàn) means “half”. The long vertical line is written at the end because it runs through the rest of the character.

8. Top or upper-left dots first, inside or upper-right dots last

Even if Rule 1 (top to bottom) and Rule 2 (left to right) are violated, write the dot at the top or upper left first. The inner or upper right dot is written after the other strokes.

For example, in the character “玉” (yù), the stroke order of the Chinese character is to write two horizontal, then one vertical 丨. Then a horizontal at the bottom, and finally the dot 丶.

The Importance of Chinese Writing Strokes Order

Although few people in China today use handwriting input methods to enter Chinese characters, typing by stroke order is still one of the fastest ways to enter Chinese characters, such as the five-stroke input method. In many cases, knowing the stroke order of Chinese characters is essential, even though people now rely on their smartphones for most Chinese tasks. For those who are slightly interested in Chinese calligraphy or Chinese culture, learning the rules of Chinese character stroke order is even more important.

Nowadays, many apps and tools include animated Chinese character stroke order diagrams, and this article provides you with many of them. They show the stroke order of Chinese characters and the process of writing Chinese characters. Following the stroke order animation can help you internalize the rules of Chinese character stroke order and greatly improve the efficiency of Chinese character learning.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What Chinese character has the most strokes?

If we consider only Chinese characters, then the character with the most strokes is the word “𰻝” (biáng), which has 58 strokes in the traditional form!

2. Any other tips for learning Chinese stroke order?

In addition to the basic strokes and rules of Chinese characters mentioned above in this article, you can also use the following tips:

• Using lined or grid paper: Liner or grid paper is a useful tool for keeping your lettering neat and proportional. The lines will guide your strokes to a consistent height, width， and character spacing. Some learners find that grid paper, with its even boxes, is especially helpful for learning to balance strokes.
• Practice Writing with Consistency: To write Chinese characters well, practice is essential. You can start by copying from a textbook or model text, and then gradually practice writing Chinese characters from memory. The more you practice, the smoother and more natural your writing will become. A good choice is a character calligraphy copybook.

Conclusion

Understanding the basics of Chinese writing stroke order is crucial for anyone starting to learn kanji. Mastering the stroke order not only improves the clarity of your writing but also helps to strengthen the memorization of kanji during the learning process. It lays a solid foundation for being able to write beautiful, accurate Chinese characters.

To learn more about Chinese character writing and Chinese culture, you can also join the WuKong Chinese course and explore the Chinese world more deeply together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

In Chinese culture, nicknames are often more casual, fun, and personal than formal names. When you’re learning Mandarin Chinese or visiting China, you’ll find that it’s common to call people by nicknames, including some of the most popular Chinese nicknames. They’re a way to express affection, build closer relationships, and even highlight someone’s unique characteristics. Whether between family members, close friends, or lovers, most common Chinese nicknames often contain warmth and charm beyond their literal meaning.

However, many Chinese nicknames may sound unfamiliar or even seem strange. So let’s learn how to get a nickname by exploring the cultural significance of Chinese nicknames, the Chinese nickname for boyfriend or girlfriend, and practical ways to create personalized nicknames so you can give your Chinese friend or loved one a cute and funny Chinese nickname of their own.

What are Chinese Nicknames?

Chinese nicknames, which translate to “昵称” (nì chēng) and are also called “绰号” (chuò hào) and “小名” (xiǎo míng), are informal names used to express affection, intimacy, or personality traits. Nicknames are often more casual, often used in daily conversations, and reflect the relationship between the users.

For example, a mother might give her child a cute Chinese nickname “小胖” (xiǎo pàng). The word literally means in Chinese language that someone is a little overweight (the exact meaning is determined by different tones of voice), but mothers give this nickname to their children because they want them to be healthy and cute. And friends may give each other funny nicknames based on shared memories or jokes they both know.

Where and how are Chinese nicknames used?

Chinese nicknames are commonly used in a variety of social situations, and their meaning and tone may vary depending on the relationship:

• Family relationships: Parents often use nicknames to express their love and concern for their children. For example, a baby may be affectionately called “宝宝” (bǎo bǎo, meaning “baby”) or “乖乖” (guāi guāi, meaning “good boy”).
• Friendship: Nicknames are used between friends to express closeness or to make fun of each other (in good faith). For example, someone named “王强” (Wáng Qiáng) may be jokingly called “强哥” (Qiáng gē, meaning “older brother”) to emphasize the feeling of closeness and respect.
• Couples: Couples are often known for romantic and sweet nicknames. Common examples include “亲爱的” (qīn ài de, meaning “darling”) or personalized names such as “小猪” (xiǎo zhū, meaning “little piggy”) to show affection and intimacy. A Chinese girl might use familial terms like 哥哥 (gēgē) to refer to her boyfriend, reflecting a deep cultural significance in building personal connections.
• Work or Social Relationships: In some cases, nicknames may appear in professional or social circles as a way to easily identify someone. For example, a boss may be nicknamed “老大” (lǎo dà, meaning “boss”) by his team members. It’s a way to show that the team has a relaxed relationship.

Not only do well-intentioned nicknames strengthen connections, but they also add a layer of fun and intimacy to relationships and are an important part of everyday Chinese people’s communication.

Cultural Significance of Chinese Nicknames

In Chinese culture, nicknames are a way of expressing closeness and affection. Chinese nicknames are more than just throwaway names; they are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and play an important role in fostering emotional connections.

They reflect the importance of interpersonal relationships in Chinese society and often have meanings that go beyond the literal translation.

• Cultural Tradition: In many Chinese families, children are given nicknames by their parents or grandparents. These names are often used within the family to symbolize love and care.
• Strengthen relationships: Using a nickname shows that you have a personal connection with someone. It creates a sense of intimacy that cannot be achieved with a formal name.
• Practical use: Nicknames are usually shorter and easier to say, making them more suitable for casual conversation.
  

  Nicknames reflect the importance of relationships and community in Chinese society, where personal relationships are highly valued.

Funny Chinese Nicknames

Many funny Chinese words make great nicknames, and some of these popular Chinese nicknames refer to your most prominent features and compare them to things that are well-known. They may exaggerate certain features for comedic effect.

While some of these popular nicknames may seem mean or harsh, it’s important to realize that, unlike in Western culture, they are well-intentioned in a cultural context. Here are some examples:

• 阿呆 (ā dāi): Translated as “silly” or “dummy”. This nickname is often used to describe someone clumsy or forgetful. It is a harmless way to tease your friends or partner.
• 吃货 (chī huò): Meaning “foodie”, this nickname is perfect for someone who likes to eat or is always thinking about their next meal.
• 大头 (dà tóu): Meaning “big head”, this nickname is a humorous way of describing someone with a slightly larger head or a “big-head” (overconfident).
• 肉肉 (ròu ròu): Meaning “chubby” or “meaty,” this nickname is often used affectionately for someone with a soft or pudgy appearance.
• 土豆 (tǔ dòu): This nickname is quirky and means “potato”. It’s a humorous nickname, usually for a pet, but can also refer to a short-looking person, like a potato in the soil.

Cool Chinese Nicknames

Using hip or trendy Chinese words to describe the people in your life is a great way to look cool and show off your Chinese. It also makes you stand out as a star Mandarin student and makes it seem like Chinese is your native language.

• 风行者 (fēng xíng zhě): “Windwalker” – a fashionable nickname for a fast, agile, and unpredictable player.
• 老板 (lǎobǎn): 老板 (lǎobǎn) means “boss”. Many Chinese will use this term to refer to their de facto boss and other people they respect. Since using someone’s full first or last name is too intimate for customer and business relationships, customers will often address the store owner as the boss. Friends also sometimes call each other “老板”, often when one friend has invited the other to dinner or has given them something when it is meant in good faith.
• 帅哥 (shuàigē): 帅哥 (shuàigē) is a positive and common Chinese nickname that means “handsome guy”. This nickname is often used when you don’t know the name of a male or when it is inappropriate to ask. For example, in restaurants, waiters are often referred to as “帅哥” instead of their names.
• 星仔 (xīng zǎi): 星仔 means “star boy”, a fashionable nickname that conveys charisma and uniqueness and is often used for people with outstanding personalities.

Cute Chinese Nicknames

Cute nicknames are meant to express love and tenderness, and they are especially common in romantic relationships and between close friends. Whether it’s a nickname for a loved one or a pet, these cute Chinese nicknames can make people smile and bring them closer together.

Here are some popular nicknames:

• 小猪 (xiǎo zhū): “Little piggy” is a playful nickname for someone who loves to eat and sleep. It is a term of endearment in many romantic relationships.
• 宝宝 (bǎo bǎo): Like “baby” in English, this Chinese nickname is full of love and tenderness. It is one of the most common Chinese nicknames and is commonly used both by parents for their children and between couples.
• 乖乖 (guāi guāi): “good boy”, often used for well-behaved, cute children or even close friends.
• 小猫 (xiǎo māo): “kitten”, a nickname for someone cute, quiet, or loves cats.
• 天使 (tiān shǐ): This word means “angel” and usually refers to someone who is kind-hearted and sweet by nature.
• 亲亲 (qīn qīn): This word is a sweet nickname that translates to “kissing” and is often used between lovers. It denotes intimacy and closeness.

Chinese Nicknames for Boyfriend

Addressing your boyfriend with special nicknames can deepen your relationship and express your love. Chinese nicknames range from romantic to playful, and each one holds a unique emotion. Interestingly, the literal meanings of these nicknames often have deeper or different meanings in a romantic relationship.

• 大笨蛋 (dà bèn dàn): meaning “big dummy” (teasing but full of love). For example, you can say to your boyfriend, “你这个大笨蛋,总是忘记带钥匙!” (nǐ zhè gè dà bèn dàn, zǒng shì wàng jì dài yào shi) – “You big dummy, always forgetting your keys!”. Used in a joking and affectionate way to indicate playfulness in an intimate relationship.
• 熊熊 (xióng xióng): This nickname means “little bear”. For example, “熊熊，抱抱我吧，我好冷啊” (xióng xióng , bào bào wǒ ba , wǒ hǎo lěng a) – “Xiong Xiong, give me a hug, I’m so cold!” . This nickname applies to boyfriends who are strong, warm, and cuddly like bears.
• 哥哥 (gēgē): In many Western cultures, calling the guy you’re dating “elder brother” or “younger brother” can feel a little uncomfortable. It sounds a bit like calling your older family member. But in China, it’s normal for girls to call their boyfriends who are older than them this way. It’s a typical nickname between couples.
• 老公 (lǎo gōng): In mainland China, unmarried women sometimes refer to their boyfriends as “老公” – “husband”. Although they don’t do it right off the bat, after dating for a while and getting along with each other, you may start hearing your girlfriend call your boyfriend “husband” even before he proposes to her.

Chinese nicknames for Girlfriend

When it comes to Chinese nicknames for girlfriends, you’ll find some that are very sweet, some that are affectionate, and some that are humorous. Many Chinese nicknames for girlfriends highlight their most cherished qualities, creating a unique and intimate language for couples.

The way Chinese nicknames are variations of traditional Chinese names is also common.

• 妹妹(mèimei): Just as girls call their boyfriends “哥哥” (gēgē), Chinese boys call their girlfriends “妹妹” (mèimei) – ” younger sister”.
• 小公举 (xiǎo gōng jǔ): This nickname is the Chinese word for “little princess” with a petulant and cute tone. While there are many cute Chinese nicknames for girls, this nickname conveys a sense of preciousness. Sometimes it can be used in a silly way, like when your girlfriend asks you for a favor and you say, “好的，我的小公举!” (hǎo de , wǒ de xiǎo gōng jǔ!) – “Yes, my little princess!” .
• 老婆 (lǎo pó): It is also common for men to refer to their girlfriends as “老婆”. Like “老公”, common couples who are not yet married use this term, which has a meaning similar to the English pet name “wifey”.
• 小仙女 (xiǎo xiān nǚ): This nickname means “little fairy”. It can be used to describe your girlfriend as elegant and beautiful.
  

  For example, you can say to your girlfriend, “小仙女，你真像从童话里走出来的!” (xiǎo xiān nǚ, nǐ zhēn xiàng cóng tóng huà lǐ zǒu chū lái de!) – “Little fairy, you look like you came out of a fairy tale!”

Chinese Nicknames for Kids

A child’s nickname is called “小名” (xiǎo míng) or “乳名” (rǔ míng). All the nicknames that Chinese people give to their children contain good wishes. Nowadays, many young Chinese parents like to give their children nicknames related to fruits, snacks or drinks because they find these kinds of nicknames cute. The use of repetitive characters (called “叠词” (dié cí) in Mandarin Chinese), and nicknames beginning with “阿” (ā) or with “小” (xiǎo) are also popular in China.

• 糯米 (nuòmǐ): Chinese families sometimes call their children 糯米, which means “sticky rice”. This denotes good wishes for the child, as in traditional Chinese culture, glutinous rice is used to denote happiness, health, prosperity, and good fortune.
• 小不点 (xiǎo bú diǎn): This nickname means “little one” and is a term of endearment for the youngest member of the family, emphasizing their young age and tiny size.
• 小宝 (xiǎo bǎo): Meaning “baby”, this nickname is often used by parents to refer to their youngest child to express how precious they are.
• 虎子 (hǔ zi): This word means “tiger” and is often used by parents to refer to their sons. It represents strength, bravery, and the hope that the child will grow up healthy and fearless and strong.
• 崽崽 (zǎi zǎi): This word means “baby” and is another way of referring to a child as a baby. It is an adorable nickname that represents the deep affection parents have for their children.

Chinese Nicknames for Friends

Friends play an important role in Chinese culture, and the various nicknames in the language reflect this importance. Chinese people often refer to their friends by nicknames, each of which has a specific meaning. Some nicknames represent shared memories, while others highlight the strength and longevity of a friendship.

• 老铁 (lǎo tiě): This nickname means “bro” or “close friends”. It is a term of endearment used to refer to a close friend and to symbolize a strong and lasting friendship. This word expresses the idea that friendship is like iron, strong, reliable, and lasting.
  

  老铁 is the dialect of northeastern China, but today it is also used in other parts of mainland China.

• 阿 (ā): Combining the character 阿 with someone’s name is one way to address a friend in Chinese. For example, if your friend’s name is “李明” (Lǐ Míng), some of his friends might call him “阿明” (ā ming). It doesn’t have any special meaning, it’s just a nickname to show closeness, so family or friends often use it, especially if someone has a short name.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is it common for Chinese people to call their friends nicknames in public?

Yes, it is very common for Chinese people to give nicknames to their friends in public. This is especially true among the younger generation, as it helps build a sense of camaraderie and intimacy. However, this may depend on how close the friendship is.

2. What is the origin of Chinese nicknames?

Chinese nicknames have existed since ancient China and are deeply rooted in the language and culture. They usually reflect Chinese culture such as social norms and interpersonal relationships.

Conclusion

Chinese nicknames are a fascinating reflection of the creativity and cultural richness of the Chinese language. If you’ve been inspired by this guide, start experimenting today! You will find that using Chinese nicknames adds a personal touch and fun to your conversations with others.

If you are also interested in other Chinese cultures or the Chinese language, you can also join the WuKong Chinese course and learn Chinese together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

When learning Chinese, “what” is probably one of the first and most important words you will learn. Saying “what” in Mandarin is one of the most common and important phrases for Chinese beginners. It translates to “什么” (shénme) in Mandarin. If you don’t know how to use “what” in Chinese, even the simplest conversations can be difficult.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about how to say “what” in Mandarin, from definitions and pronunciation to pinyin, examples, and more. If you want to learn more about the basics of Chinese, then check it out together!

“What” in Mandarin Chinese

The most common meaning of “what” in Chinese is “什么”. The Chinese word “what” consists of two characters. The first character, “什” (shén), is a separate word for “what” or “why” meaning. Its different meanings depend on the word next to it and on different Chinese contexts. The second character is “么” (me), and the meaning of this character generally depends on the other Chinese characters used with it.

You can also use “什么” to build simple sentences or phrases. For example, “没什么” (méi shénme) means “it doesn’t matter”.

In English sentences, “what” is placed before demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) or subject pronouns (I, we, he, she, they), such as “What is this?” However, in the Chinese language, the word “什么” is often placed after demonstrative or subject Pronouns like “这是什么?” (zhè shì shénme?) translates to “This is what?”

The Basics of Saying “What” in Chinese Language

The most common word for “what” in Mandarin is “什么” (shénme). It is pronounced more like ‘shummuh’ (shénme) with a falling pitch. Here’s a quick start guide on saying “什么” (shénme):

• Pronunciation: “shénme” with a falling tone on the second syllable. Say it quickly, almost as one syllable.
• Characters: 什么 – The first character means “what”.
• Usage: Place “shénme” at the end of the sentence to ask “What is…” questions. For example:
  

  这是什么？ (Zhè shì shénme) – What is this?你在做什么？ (nǐ zài zuò shénme) – What are you doing?你想要什么？(nǐ xiǎng yào shénme) – What do you want?

• Responses: Answers will start with the object in question. For example:
  

  这是笔。(Zhè shì bǐ) – This is a pen.我在吃饭。(wǒ zài chī fàn) – I am eating.我想要那本书。(wǒ xiǎng yào nà běn shū) – I want that book.

So the basic formula is: Ask a question with “shénme” at the end and get an answer stating the subject first.

“What” in Chinese With Different Pronouns

Here are some general sentence examples using “什么” (shén me).

什么 As Interrogative Pronoun

The word “what” becomes a subject-form interrogative pronoun when no demonstrative or personal pronoun is used in the sentence.

Examples of how to use “什么” as a subject-form interrogative pronoun:

• 什么意思？(shén me yì si) – What is the meaning?
• 什么问题？(shén me wèn tí) – What is the problem?
• 发生了什么事情？(fā shēng le shén me shì qing) – What happened?

什么 With Demonstrative Pronoun

Chinese Demonstrative Pronouns such as 这, 那, 这些, 那些 (zhè, nà, zhè xiē, nà xiē) are placed at the beginning of the sentence when you are using English Demonstrative Pronouns and when there is no Personal Pronoun used.

Examples:

• 这是什么？(zhè shì shén me) – What is this?
• 那是什么？(nà shì shén me) – What is that?
• 这些是什么？(zhè xiē shì shén me) – What are these?
• 那些是什么？(nà xiē shì shén me) – What are those?

什么 With Subject Pronoun

If you make a sentence containing a subject pronoun, the Chinese word “什么” becomes an object question pronoun. The subject pronoun is placed at the beginning of the sentence. If you want to make a sentence in the past tense, the word “了” (le) is added after the verb.

Examples:

• 你喜欢吃什么？(nǐ xǐ huān chī shén me) – What do you like to eat?
• 你说什么？(nǐ shuō shén me) – What are you saying?
• 你做了什么？(nǐ zuò le shén me) – What did you do? (past tense)

什么 With Object Pronoun

When you use an object pronoun (I, we, she, he) in a sentence, the Chinese word “什么”’ becomes a subject interrogative pronoun. It is written in the form (what + noun) and placed first in the sentence.

Examples:

• 什么事情让我生气? (shén me shìqíng ràng wǒ shēngqì) – What are the things that make me angry?
• 什么会让我们留下来? (shén me huì ràng wǒmen liú xià lái) – What will make us stay?

什么 With Both Subject and Object Pronouns

In Chinese, subject and object pronouns use the same word – 我 wǒ，你 nǐ，他 tā，她 tā，我们 wǒ men，你们 nǐ men.

In English, personal pronouns can either be I or Me. While in Chinese, the personal pronouns are the same character (我 vs 我) or wǒ, this can confuse when they appear at the same time in the sentence.

Examples:

• 我不知道你刚才说什么？ 我听不清楚. (wǒ bù zhī dào nǐ gāng cái shuō shén me? Wǒ tīng bù qīng chǔ.) – What are you talking about just now? I can’t hear clearly.
• 你能提供什么帮助？ 我需要它. (nǐ néng tígōng shén me bāngzhù? Wǒ xūyào tā.) – What help can you offer? I need it.

Different Meanings of “What” in Chinese

In addition to the basic translation of “什么”, “what” also has some other common meanings in Chinese.

“What” in Chinese – 怎么 zěn me

Besides 什么 (shén me), another way to express “what” in Chinese is “怎么” (zěn me). 怎么 (zěn me) has limited usage, for it is often translated to “how” in Mandarin Chinese language instead of “what.” Using 怎么 (zěn me) or 什么 (shén me) will depend on the version you want to express in English.

For example, the sentence “What happened?” in Chinese is 怎么了 (zěn me le). You mainly want to know how it happened and not what happened.

“What” in Chinese – 啊 á

In Chinese, “啊” (á) can also be used to mean “what” in some cases. However, it is usually used in very specific contexts.

When “what” is translated as 啊 in Chinese, it can be used to express surprise or skepticism, or when a person doesn’t quite hear what the other person is saying and asks the other person to repeat it.

For example, if someone is speaking quickly or unclearly, you can respond with “What?” – 啊? á

Another example is when someone mentions something unexpected in a conversation. Suppose someone tells you amazing news, you might exclaim, “啊 真的吗?” (á zhēn de ma?). Here, “啊” is used to express your surprise as part of an overall response, similar to saying “What, really?” in English.

What in Chinese – 啥 shá

In Chinese, “啥” (shá) is a common colloquial word for “what”. It is a more informal way of asking, especially in Chinese dialects.

The usage of “啥” is simple. For example, when you want to ask “What are you doing?” – “你在干什么?” (nǐ zài gàn shén me), you can say “你在干啥?” (nǐ zài gàn shá). This usage is often used in daily conversations to make the communication sound more friendly and approachable.

Note: “什么” is more formal and can be used in written language; “啥” is more colloquial and is generally less used in formal language, especially in documents, academic papers, or official announcements.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How to say “what” in traditional Chinese?

In traditional Chinese, “what” can be translated as “甚麼” (shén me) or “什麼” (shén me). In some literary or ancient Chinese contexts, “何” (hé) can also mean “what”.

For example:

“你在做甚麼？” or “你在做什麼？” (What are you doing?)

2. How to write “what” in Chinese characters?

Step 1: Deconstructing the glyphs

什 (shén):

Structure: left-right structure (the left side is ‘亻’, the right side is ‘十’).

Stroke order: 1. Skim (丿) 2. Vertical (丨) 3. Horizontal (一) 4. Vertical (丨); (4 strokes in total)

么 (me):

Stroke order: 1. Skim (丿) 2. Skim-fold (𠃌) 3. Dot (丶); (3 strokes in total)

Step 2: Writing Demonstration

“什”: write the left ‘亻’: the apostrophe is short and the vertical is long, and the vertical starts from the middle of the apostrophe. Then write the ‘十’ on the right: the horizontal is flat and vertical, and the horizontal is slightly longer than the vertical.

“么”: Write the short apostrophe first, then the apostrophe fold (folding out from the middle of the apostrophe to the lower right), and finally the dot. Note: the last stroke is a dot, not a press!

Conclusion

Correctly using “what” in Chinese has many benefits for your Chinese learning, as it is used frequently in many conversations. You may find it difficult and confusing at first, but with continued learning, you will find it very simple.

If you found this article helpful and you want to learn Mandarin more deeply, you can learn more about Mandarin through the WuKong Chinese course.

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.