A very popular saying on the Chinese internet is: It is well known that the first thing people learn when learning a new language is swear words. Admittedly, swearing and bad words seem fun to remember when you start learning a new language.

Like other languages, there are all kinds of swear words in Mandarin Chinese, from calling someone “笨蛋” (bèn dàn, stupid or the literal translation stupid egg) to cursing someone else’s entire ancestry. Some are funny, while others are just mean words. In this article, we will introduce some Chinese curse words and their meanings and English translations, and we will also give examples of whether these curse words should be used in life.

So let’s dive into some Chinese swear words that will give you some insight into a different kind of Chinese language!

Common Chinese Curse Words

For beginners, the complex and highly malicious world of swearing can be overwhelming. This includes some bad Chinese vocabulary and curse words that may be intimidating for those just starting.

In this section, we will introduce some common bad Chinese words in Chinese. It is important to understand not only their translations but also when and where these words should be used appropriately.

1. 笨蛋 bèn dàn

笨蛋 literally means ”stupid egg“. If it sounds less harsh, that’s because it isn’t. In Mandarin Chinese, calling someone a 笨蛋 isn’t really cursing, it’s more of just a nickname that you can take to make fun of your friends.

Today, dumbass is no longer just a curse word. It can also be used as a nickname between couples to indicate intimacy. (If you are interested in this, you can click to see information about Chinese nicknames.)

2. 二百五 èr bǎi wǔ

“二百五” is a colloquial word, often referring to a person who is stupid, not very sensible, stubborn, and rash.

“二百五” should be derived from “二八五” (èr bā wǔ). In folk culture, “二” (èr), “五” (wǔ), and “八” (bā) all mean stupid and rude, and they have different combinations. In various Chinese dialects, there are different sayings such as “二五” (èr wǔ) and “八五” (bā wǔ). There is also the saying “二八五”, such as in “Zhongyang County Chronicles” (《中阳县志》): “二八五气，二百五性格。” — “二八五 temperament, 二百五 personality.” 二百五 is the sound change of 二八五.

Today, 二百五 is used as a joke between friends. You can also refer to it simply as “二”. It’s not the most negative word.

3. 滚开 gǔnkāi | piss off

If you translate 滚开 directly into English, you get the meaning “roll away”. However, a better English equivalent would be to tell someone to “piss off” or “go to hell”.

Be careful, though, because although it’s not the worst Chinese curse word, the tone is very harsh and could be interpreted as the worst swear word if used between strangers.

However, when used between friends or other close relationships, the word is not as harsh if the tone is mild.

4. 拍马屁 pāi mǎ pì

Do you know that one classmate or co-worker who is the most sycophantic person you have ever met? This is the person that “拍马屁” refers to.

The three Chinese characters that make up this expletive are “拍” (to beat or clap), “马” (horse) and “屁” (butt). The literal meaning is “to pat the horses behind”. The best English equivalent would be “brown-noser” for similar reasons.

5. 我靠 wǒ kào

我靠 is more of an inflection than an expletive in Mandarin. It is equivalent to ‘holy shit’ in English. It can be used when you encounter something surprising or difficult. Nothing is insulting about it.

For example, if you have a close Chinese friend, when he/she does something that surprises you, you can say to him/her, “我靠，这太牛了”. (wǒ kào, zhè tài niú le, Holy shit, that’s fucking awesome!)

It is probably the least offensive of the Chinese swear words we have listed in this article.

6. 王八蛋 wáng bā dàn

王八蛋 is not the most offensive of all Chinese swear words, it means “turtle” or “turtle’s egg”, another word in the egg-themed Chinese swear words. If you call someone a 王八蛋, it’s implied that you think they are a stupid man.

Another potential translation for this insult is “bastard”, but like all Chinese curse words, the severity largely depends on the context and tone in which it is said.

7. 傻逼 shǎ bī

The phrase 傻逼 literally translates to “stupid vagina” and is usually reserved for describing a person that is hard to get along with or is just a bad person in general. However, when used in Chinese, it means more of a stupid person or an idiot.

In addition, if used jokingly among friends, 傻逼 can be shortened to SB, and among young people, this word no longer has any insulting meaning when used between friends.

Egg-related Chinese Curse Words

Starting with the basics, we’ll delve into a special category of Chinese curse words, the “striking a stone with an egg” type of insult. These types of curse words carry a lot of weight in Chinese culture and should not be taken lightly. As you can see, in Chinese, many negative meaning words consist of “egg”. Words like 笨蛋 or 王八蛋 are used to attack someone’s character and ancestral heritage.

These insults are widely understood and used in different Mandarin-speaking regions, highlighting their cultural significance and universal relevance in the Chinese-speaking community. In addition to the words 笨蛋and 王八蛋 we mentioned above, we will give other egg-related Chinese swear words below.

1. 坏蛋 huài dàn

If someone has done something that is either evil or wicked, you can go ahead and call them a “bad egg”, “bad guy” or a 坏蛋. While telling a person that they are a 笨蛋 or “stupid egg” is an insult to their intellect, calling someone a 坏蛋 or “bad egg” is an attack on their character. A close English equivalent could be calling someone a “bad apple.”

Like 笨蛋, 坏蛋 is not only used in Chinese when cursing, it can also be used between friends and couples.

2. 混蛋 hún dàn

The next Chinese Mandarin insult we will discuss is 混蛋, which can be translated as “bastard.” The literal translation of 混蛋 is “mixed egg”. It carries a strong connotation, similar to calling someone a “bastard” or “asshole” in English. This word questions a person’s origins and should not be used lightly as it may offend.

While using this word may add tension to a conversation you are having in Mandarin, it must be used responsibly to avoid unnecessary conflict.

3. 滚蛋 gǔn dàn

Another egg-related Chinese curse word! The literal translation of “滚蛋” is “rolling egg”. When you say 滚蛋 to someone, you are essentially telling them to 滚开 and leave you alone. 滚蛋 and 滚开 have similar meanings in Mandarin Chinese, so use them with the same care. You can also shorten it to “滚” (gǔn) for more impact.

Like 滚开, 滚蛋 is sometimes used in intimate relationships. For example, in China, when your parents are cooking something, you play around and get in the way of their cooking. Your parents might say in a relaxed tone, “滚蛋，一边儿玩去” (gǔn dàn, yī biān ér wán qù, Go away and play somewhere else). In this case, 滚蛋 is not scolding.

Family and Relationship-Based Swear Words in Chinese

Chinese culture includes a range of insults based on family and relationship terms. Several words about family or relatives are commonly used as insults.

These words not only express anger or frustration but also challenge a person’s family honor, which is a sensitive topic in Chinese society.

1. 他妈的 tā mā de

A commonly used swear word in China is 他妈的, which can be translated as “damn it.” This versatile Chinese phrase is often used to express a range of emotions, including anger, frustration, and surprise. Due to its offensive nature, be careful when using this swear word and be aware of its context.

Depending on the region in China where this swear word is used, its meaning and usage may vary slightly. Before you use this phrase casually in conversation or writing, you should make sure you fully understand what impression it will make and how it may offend others.

Note: This curse word contains the Chinese character “妈” (mā, mother) which is related to family, so don’t use it lightly. In China, people think that people who often use this curse phrase are very vulgar.

It is worth mentioning that more and more Chinese people are changing their habits of using this word (especially young women in Mainland China) because this Chinese swear word is considered sexist.

2. 你大爷 nǐ dà yé

你大爷, like 他妈的, is a common insulting word in Chinese, literally meaning “your elder uncle”.

Its severity depends on the context and may not be as serious when used playfully or among friends.

3. 你妹 nǐ mèi

你妹 means “your younger sister” and can be used to express disdain. 你妹 was originally used as an alternative to the more vulgar language “尼玛” (ní mǎ), but now carries an insulting connotation.

While it may be frequently heard in casual conversation, the phrase should be avoided in formal or professional settings to avoid offending.

4. 尼玛 ní mǎ

The word 尼玛 evolved from the Chinese word 你妈 (nǐ mā) (The meaning of 你妈(的) is similar to the word 他妈的, but less serious than 他妈的).

It is also an expletive related to family members, but it is used more as a verbal interjection.

F Words in Chinese Curse Words

The f swear word in Chinese can be called the c swear word. They are one of the most common curse words in Chinese. Not only are these the most commonly used curse words, they have now evolved into a mantra for many Chinese people. (It’s a bad habit. Children will be criticized by adults if they follow these curse words!) However, please use these curse words with caution and always make sure you understand what you are saying before you say it.

You may be wondering what the f word or c word means in the Chinese language. They are the same as the f-word in English. Generally speaking, f swear words in Chinese refer to some swear words with “操” or swear words with the same meaning as “操”. (“操” is also known as “f**k” in English). Below we will give examples of f swear words and their meanings.

1. 操 cào

First, let’s make one thing clear. The pronunciation of “操” is “cāo” (first tone), but in fact, Chinese native speakers pronounce it as cào (fourth tone).

The meaning of this character is very simple, that is — “f**k”! It is very common in any language.

2. 操你妈 cào nǐ mā

Of all the swear words in Mandarin Chinese, “fuck your mom” is probably one of the most classic and insulting. These words with negative connotations consist of three simple characters: 操 (f*ck) 你 (your) 妈 (mom). Put them together and you’re not only insulting someone’s mother, but you’re disrespecting someone’s entire family, which is frowned upon in any culture. Please use them with caution!

Like “他妈的”, which we mentioned above, the swear word “操你妈” is also being replaced among young women, as it also has some sexist overtones.

3. 操你祖宗十八代 cào nǐ zǔzōng shíbā dài

The Chinese language is closely linked to Chinese culture, and Chinese curse words reflect the 5,000 years of history behind the Chinese language.

The direct translation of this heavy-handed expletive is “f*ck your ancestors back to the eighteenth generation”. This Chinese phrase is as bad as nothing else in the English language, and it’s one of the few unforgivable insults. So if you say it, you need to be careful.

4. 我操 wǒ cào

我操 has the same meaning as the first example 操 in this section. The reason why this word is taken out for explanation is that it is similar to 我靠 mentioned earlier in the article. But 我操 is more serious than 我靠. Its usage can be referred to as 我操.

Cultural Significance of Chinese Curse Words

Chinese curse words are deeply rooted in Chinese cultural values. Understanding the cultural context behind swear words can provide insight into traditional Chinese values.

The role of family in Chinese bad words

Many Chinese swear words revolve around family relationships, as family plays an important role in Chinese culture. For example: 王八蛋 (wáng bā dàn) and 他妈的 (tā mā de). These insults reflect the importance of family honor and respect in Chinese society. Insulting someone’s family is often seen as more offensive than a personal insult.

Historical and literary background of Chinese bad words

Chinese history and literature also contain a rich variety of insult words, often with poetic or metaphorical meanings. For example, indirect insults are common in ancient Chinese texts. Phrases like “狗杖人势” (gǒu zhàng rén shì), meaning “a dog that relies on its master’s power”, refer to someone subservient or opportunistic.

Understanding these cultural differences will not only help you avoid mistakes when learning a new foreign language, but also appreciate the richness of the Chinese language.

FAQs on Chinese Curse Words

1. Are Chinese curse words used the same way as English?

Chinese curse words are similar to English in expressing frustration or anger, but they often have deeper cultural meanings. Before using them, it is important to understand the context.

2. What should I avoid when using Chinese swear words?

Please note that you should avoid using Chinese swear words in formal situations or when communicating with people you are not familiar with. Insults related to someone’s family or ancestors are particularly offensive and should be used with extreme caution.

3. What are the risks of using Chinese curse words incorrectly?

Incorrect use of Chinese swear words can lead to misunderstandings, offend others, and even cause conflicts. It is important to understand the weight of language and the appropriate context in which it is used.

Summary

Learning some less formal or insulting words in Chinese will undoubtedly deepen your understanding of Chinese culture, but as we’ve seen, it’s important to use these phrases with care and respect.

Now that you’ve expanded your vocabulary, continue learning to take your Chinese skills to the next level! WuKong Chinese has many Chinese learning resources and online courses, come and learn Chinese with professional teachers together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Some people say Chinese grammar is complicated, and some foreigners think Mandarin Chinese has no grammar… So what are the facts about Chinese grammar? Basic Chinese grammar is not difficult – seriously! The truth is that Chinese grammar is unique.

The Chinese language has its unique characteristics and a great deal of flexibility in grammar. If you’ve studied other languages before, you’ll find that learning Chinese grammar isn’t a typical language learning experience, and there may be a lot of new concepts that you’ve never heard of.

We’ll prove it to you by listing all the key Chinese grammar points you need to know. In this article, we will not only provide basic Chinese language grammar, but we will also give many Chinese sentence examples and rules about sentence structure to help you consolidate your knowledge.

Let’s dive in!

Basic Features of Chinese Grammar

If you have studied common Romance languages such as Spanish or French, you may have wondered how Chinese deals with headache-inducing grammatical problems such as verb conjugation.

Fortunately, these grammatical headaches are almost completely absent in Mandarin Chinese. There are similarities and differences between Chinese and English grammar. The most basic grammatical structures are the most obvious examples of why Chinese grammar is so easy to learn. Here are some unique and simple things to know about basic grammar:

1. Subject verb object

At the most basic level, Chinese sentence structure is strikingly similar to English. Like the English language, many basic Chinese sentences use either subject-verb or subject-verb-object structures. For example sentences:

In the following sentence, the subjects are “她” (tā, she) and “我” (wǒ, I), and the verbs are “去” (qù, go) and “吃” (chī, eat).

Subject-Verb:

Subject-Verb-Object:

2. Time and place

In Chinese, the time at which something happened, is happening, or will happen appears at the beginning of the sentence or immediately following the subject.

In the first sentence below, both the Chinese time word “昨天” (zuótiān) and the English “yesterday” appear at the beginning of the sentence.

However, in the second example, the Chinese time word appears after the subject (他 tā), while the English time word appears at the end of the sentence.

Place words in Chinese also generally require a different word order than in English.

When describing where something happened, you usually need to construct a phrase or a sentence starting with the Chinese character “在” (zài). Your “在” phrase should come after the time word (if any) and before the verb. This can be confusing to English speakers because, in English, positional words usually appear after (not before) verbs.

Here are the examples:

However, keep in mind that there are exceptions to this rule. These exceptions occur with certain verbs used to refer to directional movement, such as “走” (zǒu, “go”), or verbs associated with a specific location, such as “停” (tíng, “stop”) and “住” (zhù, “live”).

Such verbs are allowed to take location complements, which are essentially “在” phrases that come after the verb. For example:

Verbs with location complements are the exception, not the rule. As a beginner in Chinese grammar, the safest thing to do is to put the location before the verb, as this is the most common word order.

3. Plural and singular

Many English nouns have both singular and plural forms. For example, you can say you have “one dog”, but if you have two or more, you must add an “s” to the noun to indicate the plural.

This is not the case in Chinese. Whether you have one, two, or two thousand of something, the noun you use to describe it is the same.

Please note that the Chinese word for “problem” – “问题” (wèntí) does not change, no matter how many problems you have.

In addition, the Chinese language also has a suffix – “们” (men) – that can be added to some words to indicate pluralization, but it is limited to certain pronouns and words that refer to people.

For example, the plural form of “他” (tā) is “他们” (tāmen). If you want to refer to a group of people rather than a single person, you can also use 他们.

Consider the following examples：

4. No noun-adjective gender agreement

As you start to learn more Chinese vocabulary, you will learn a lot of nouns. These words will form the subjects and objects of the sentences you learn. In Chinese, as in English, adjectives do not have to agree in gender or number with the nouns they modify. For example, in French, if a noun is feminine, its corresponding adjective must also be feminine.

Chinese adjectives do not have this variation. Unlike adjectives in many European languages, Chinese adjectives don’t change depending on whether the noun they modify is plural or singular, either.

5. No verb conjugation or tenses

One of the more peculiar aspects of Chinese grammar is the complete lack of verb conjugation.

In English, the third-person singular (he/she/it/one) form of a verb is often different from the other forms. So if the subject is “I”, we say “I go“, but if the subject is “he”, we say “he goes“.

In Chinese, there is no such variation. Whether we say “我去” (wǒ qù) or “他去” (tā qù), the verb “去” (qù, “to go”) is the same. A fact about Chinese is that the Chinese verb stays the same no matter what the subject of the sentence is.

Observe how the verb 吃 (chī, “to eat”) stays the same in all of the following sentences:

Another interesting aspect of grammar in the Chinese language is that Chinese does not have verb tenses. In most Romance and Germanic languages, including English, whether something happened in the past, present, or future is indicated primarily through verb tenses.

In contrast, Chinese uses more grammar. Verbs in Chinese always remain the same and do not need to be conjugated. To express time frame in Chinese, you can use the following Chinese words:

• 了 (le)
• 过 (guò)
• 着 (zhe)
• 在 (zài)
• 正在 (zhèngzài)

The time frame can also be expressed by a specific reference to a point or period, for example:

• 明天 (míngtiān, “tomorrow”)
• 昨天早上 (zuótiān zǎoshang, “yesterday morning”)
• ……的时候 (……de shí hòu, “when…”)

These time markers can be confusing for beginners, so don’t worry if it takes some time to master them. Here are a few examples to give you a basic idea of how they work:

Notice how the verb 去 (qù, “to go”) is left unchanged and unconjugated. The marker 了 (le) is added to the end to indicate past tense.

The following example also uses the verb “去” (qù, to go), but again, there is no conjugation of the verb itself. Instead, the time marker “过” (guò) is used to indicate that the event has begun and ended:

In the following examples, the verb “工作” (gōngzuò, “to work”) is preceded by “在” (zài) to indicate that the action of working is continuous.

Keep in mind that although 在 (zài), 正在 (zhèngzài), and 着 (zhe) are roughly equivalent to the English “-ing” in many contexts, they are generally not interchangeable and have different usages and nuances.

6. Asking questions

Asking basic questions in Chinese is also easy. The easiest way to ask a question is to add “吗”(ma) at the end of a sentence. This method can be used to turn a statement into a yes or no question.

Statement sentence:

Yes or no question sentence:

For more complex questions, Chinese also has question words similar to English. Here is a list of question words in Chinese:

Note that the word order of Chinese questions is different from English, so you may not be able to use all Chinese questions correctly right away. However, it is not difficult to learn how to ask questions, and you can start by using the “吗” (ma) sentence.

7. Negation

Negation is another important point of basic Chinese grammar that beginners must master. The Chinese use two different ways to express negation. The most common is the use of the character “不” (bù), which roughly means “no”, “won’t” or “don’t want”. For example:

The word 不 (bù) can be used in most cases. However, 不 (bù) should never be used with the verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”).

If the sentence you want to negate contains the verb 有 (yǒu), then you must use 没 (méi) together to indicate negation. Here are some examples:

8. Measure words

As an English speaker, you already know how to use measure words (also known as “classifiers”), which are more common in English. For example, we often say a “pair” of pants or a “slice” of cake. Both “pair” and “slice” are measure words.

One of the main differences between English and Chinese measure words is that there are much more of them in Chinese. In addition, every noun in Chinese must be preceded by a measure word, whereas in English, only some nouns require measure words.

Moreover, “个” (gè) is the most commonly used Chinese measure word, so if you choose to use it when you’re unsure, you’ll probably get lucky and make a correct sentence! Don’t worry. Even if you use it incorrectly, people usually understand what you mean. Here are a few common Chinese measure words:

The Most Basic Chinese Sentence Structures

Now that you are familiar with the basic elements of Chinese grammar, let’s take a look at the most common sentence structures in Chinese and some examples.

1. Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)

The most basic grammatical structure in English is also the most basic grammatical structure in Chinese. You are accustomed to starting with a subject, then a verb, and finally an object. In other words, the structure of the sentence is “Who does what”.

Here are some examples:

• I study Chinese. — 我学习中文。 (wǒ xué xí zhōng wén)
• Mom eats fruit. — 妈妈吃水果。 (mā ma chī shuí guǒ)
• I love Shanghai. — 我爱上海。 (wǒ ài shàng hǎi)

2. Subject + Time + Verb + (Object)

The next sentence pattern adds the element of time. As you learned earlier in this article, time always appears at the beginning of a sentence, usually immediately after the subject. This will help you immediately identify when something happened, thus eliminating the need to conjugate verbs.

• I will rest today. — 我今天会休息。 (wǒ jīn tiān huì xiū xi)
• She studies Chinese in the mornings. — 她早上学习中文。 (tā zǎo shàng xué xí zhōng wén)
• I watched a movie yesterday. — 我昨天看了一部电影。 (wǒ zuó tiān kàn le yí bù diàn yǐng)

3. Subject + Time + Location + Verb + (Object)

You can add the location of an action by using the preposition 在 (zài) followed by the location right before the main verb of the sentence.

Here’s what that looks like:

• We will meet at the door tomorrow. — 我们明天在门口见面。(wǒ men míng tiān zài mén kǒu jiàn miàn)
• My sister will compete in the sports field today. — 我妹妹今天在运动场比赛。(wǒ mèi mei jīn tiān zài yùn dòng chǎng bǐ sài)

4. Subject + Time + Location + Verb + Duration + (Object)

This is the longest of the basic sentence structures and it allows you to express a great deal of information without using any complex grammatical structures. Here are a few examples:

• I studied in the library for six hours yesterday. — 我昨天在图书馆学了六个小时。 (wǒ zuó tiān zài tú shū guǎn xué le liù gè xiǎo shí)
• Dad will work ten hours in the office tomorrow. — 爸爸明天在办公室会工作十个小时。 (bà ba míng tiān zài bàn gōng shì huì gōng zuò shí gè xiǎo shí)
• I exercise in the gym for forty-five minutes every day. — 我每天在健身房锻炼四十五分钟。 (wǒ měi tiān zài jiàn shēn fáng duàn liàn sì shí wǔ fēn zhōng)

5. The 把 (bǎ) Sentence

The “把” (bǎ) sentence is a useful structure for making long sentences. The focus of the “把” (bǎ) sentence is on the action and its object.

This is a very common sentence pattern in Chinese, but it can feel a bit strange to English speakers (at least at first). Like English, basic sentences in Chinese are formed using the subject-verb-object (SVO) word order:

Subject + [verb phrase] + object

In a “把” (bǎ) sentence, things are changed and the structure goes like this:

Subject + 把 (bǎ) + object + [verb phrase]

Now we can see that the object has moved, it is preceded by “把” (bǎ), and the order is SOV. So why use this somewhat strange (at least strange to English speakers) sentence?

Although you may think you’ll never use “把” sentences, they’re still handy. Let’s look at the following example:

把笔放在桌子上。(bǎ bǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shàng) — Put the pen on the table..

What to say if you don’t use the “把” structure? You might say it like this: 笔放在桌子上。(bǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shàng)

Although this sentence is grammatically correct, the meaning may change. 笔放在桌子上 (without 把, bǎ) can mean the same thing, but it could also mean “The pen is on the table”. It is the answer to two questions: (1) where should I put the pen?, and (2) where is the pen?

The 把 (bǎ) sentence is clearer. 把笔放在桌子上 is a command; you are telling someone to put the pen on the table. There is less room for confusion.

General Rules for Chinese Grammar

While it is important to learn grammatical details in small chunks, it is also very useful to familiarize yourself with some general Chinese grammar rules. These are not specific grammatical structures, but general facts about Chinese that apply in most situations. They can help you understand Mandarin Chinese and how it works.

Rule 1: What precedes modifies what follows

This rule may seem a bit complicated, but it’s very simple. It simply means that the modifier comes before the thing being modified. The Chinese language has always had this rule, from ancient texts to modern vernaculars.

Let’s take a few simple examples to illustrate this rule.

• He doesn’t like expensive things. — 他不喜欢贵的东西。(Tā bù xǐhuan guì de dōngxi)
• My brother drives slowly. — 我哥哥慢慢地开车。(Wǒ gēgē mànmande kāichē)
• She can drink a lot of beer. — 她能喝很多啤酒。(Tā néng hē hěnduō píjiǔ)

As you can see, in each Chinese sentence, the modifier comes before the thing it modifies. 贵的 (expensive) comes before 东西 (thing), 慢慢地 (slowly) comes before 开车 (drive), and 很多 (a lot) comes before 啤酒 (beer). Notice how the position of the modifier changes in the English sentence.

Knowing the “modifiers come first” rule in Chinese grammar is very helpful in the early stages of learning Chinese. It allows you to master sentence structure faster because you can more easily identify modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) and the things they modify (nouns and verbs).

Rule 2: Chinese is topic-prominent

This is a rule that English speakers often have trouble getting used to. Chinese is a topic prominent. This means that it puts the thing that the sentence is about first. English, on the other hand, is subject salient, which means that it puts the actor in the sentence (the subject) first.

For instance, I’ve finished my work.

In this simple sentence, the subject is “I”, but that is not really the point of the sentence. The subject of the sentence is not the speaker, but the job. So the subject of this sentence is “work”.

Because the Chinese language is topic-first, it is usually possible and very natural to put the topic, rather than the subject, first in a sentence. However, it is possible to do this in English, but it sounds less natural, as you can see in the following example:

• 香蕉我不太喜欢。(xiāng jiāo wǒ bù tài xǐ huān) — Bananas, I don’t really like.
• 美国我没去过。 (měi guó wǒ méi qù guò) — America, I haven’t been to.

According to Chinese grammar rules, the above sentence is perfectly fine to use, but it is very strange in English. Please note that you can also put the subject in front of it so that the Chinese sentence is also grammatically correct.

Rule 3: Chinese is logical

Finally, let’s talk about the most general rules of Chinese grammar. One of the joys of learning Chinese is that it is a very logical and consistent language. This is very true of Chinese vocabulary, as you can usually see the logic behind most words very clearly. The same is true of Chinese grammar rules, which tend to be consistent and reusable once you’ve learned them.

One example of this is that Chinese tends to be expressed only once in a sentence. For example, if time has already been stated clearly, it does not need to be indicated again. Similarly, the number of a noun only needs to be indicated once in most cases. As you learn the language, these examples will become more and more common. Keep this in mind, and you will often find yourself able to guess more accurately how new things are expressed in Chinese.

FAQs on Chinese Grammar

1. How does Chinese grammar compare to English grammar?

Answer:

• Similar Word Order: Both use SVO structure
  

  One of the most comforting aspects of Chinese grammar for English speakers is that both languages follow the subject-verb-object (SVO) structure. This means that a sentence like “I eat apples” in English can be directly translated into “我吃苹果。” in Chinese with the same word order.

• No Articles: Forget about “A” or “The”
  

  One major difference is that the Chinese do not use articles such as “a” or “the”. Instead, quantifiers or context can indicate whether you are referring to something specific or general.

• Simplified Verb Usage: No tense conjugation
  

  Unlike verbs in English, which change form according to tense (e.g., “go” vs. “went”), verbs in Chinese remain unchanged. Instead, time is expressed through time words or context.

2. How do you say “grammar” in Chinese?

Answer: Grammar in the Chinese language is 语法 (yǔfǎ).

3. Is Chinese grammar easy?

Answer: Chinese grammar can be a bit confusing at first, but it is much simpler than the grammar of other languages!

Once you understand the basic structure, Chinese grammar is easy to use.

Conclusion

Learning Chinese grammar doesn’t have to be a daunting task. By mastering the effective information given in this article, you will find your journey to Chinese grammar mastery both rewarding and fun.

We hope that this article has helped you gain a basic understanding of Chinese grammar and that you are ready to learn more! If you are interested in expanding your mastery of the basics of Chinese, you can also take the WuKong Chinese course. We hope your Chinese learning journey is fun!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Did you know that the phrase “Good Morning” in Chinese is not a simple translation from English? In fact, there are multiple ways to say it depending on the context and relationship between speakers. The most common way is “早上好(zǎo shàng hǎo)”, which, through a literal translation, means “morning good”. However, this may be seen as too formal for close friends and family.

In that case, “早(zǎo)” or “早啊(zǎo a)” are more casual and commonly used. Additionally, certain regions may have their own unique way of saying it. For example, in the Guangdong province, “早晨好(jíu sàang hóu)” is commonly used instead. Keep reading to learn more about the cultural significance of saying Good Morning in Chinese.

Part1: How to say Good Morning in Mandarin Chinese?

While there are many different dialects spoken in China, Mandarin Chinese is the most commonly used and understood. Therefore, it’s useful to know how to say Good Morning in this specific dialect. As mentioned earlier, “早上好” is the standard way of saying Good Morning in Mandarin Chinese. However, the pronunciation may vary slightly depending on the tone and emphasis placed on each character. Some helpful tips to remember when saying Good Morning in Mandarin Chinese are:

• Pronounce the “a” in “早”(zǎo) with a rising tone, similar to the way you would say “ah” when surprised or excited.
• Make sure to enunciate the “hao” in “好”(hǎo) with a slight emphasis on the “h” sound.
• Pay attention to the tone of your voice, as it can convey different levels of formality or familiarity.

Morning greetings play a crucial role in daily interactions, highlighting the cultural significance of polite communication in Chinese society.

If you still can’t speak it, you can make a free reservation for online Chinese course and let a professional Chinese teacher teach you face to face.

Part2: How to Pronounce Good Morning in Chinese?

As mentioned previously, the pronunciation of Good Morning in Chinese can vary depending on the context and dialect. But in general, it’s helpful to keep these tips in mind when pronouncing “早上好”:

• The first character “早”(zǎo) is pronounced with a rising tone, similar to saying “ah” with excitement.
• The second character “上”(shàng) is pronounced with a neutral tone, which means your voice should remain steady and not rise or fall.
• The third and final character “好”(hǎo) is pronounced with a falling tone, with emphasis on the “h” sound.

Learning new phrases in a foreign language can be challenging, especially when it comes to mastering pronunciation.

By following these tips and practicing the correct tones, you’ll be able to confidently say Good Morning in Chinese.

Part3: Good Morning in Chinese – Tips for Proper Pronunciation and Usage

Pronunciation is key when it comes to speaking Chinese. The tones and intonation of Chinese words can completely change their meaning, so it’s essential to practice pronunciation regularly. Here are some tips for proper pronunciation and usage of “good morning” in Chinese:

• Pay attention to the tones: The phrase “早上好” (zǎo shàng hǎo) has a rising tone on the first syllable and a falling tone on the second syllable. This tonal variation is crucial for conveying the correct meaning.
• Practice with native speakers: Listening to native speakers say “早上好” (zǎo shàng hǎo) and mimicking their pronunciation can significantly improve your speaking skills. Engaging with native speakers also helps you understand the nuances of the language.
• Use the correct vocabulary: “早上好” (zǎo shàng hǎo) is a formal greeting, so it’s best used in formal situations or when speaking to someone you don’t know well. For more casual settings, you might opt for “早” (zǎo) or “早啊” (zǎo a).
• Be mindful of regional dialects: While “早上好” (zǎo shàng hǎo) is widely understood in China, there may be regional dialects that use different words or pronunciations. For instance, in the Guangdong province, “早晨好” (jíu sàang hóu) is commonly used.

By following these tips and practicing regularly, you’ll be able to confidently say “good morning” in Chinese and make a positive impression.

Part3: Good Morning in Chinese -Tips for Proper Pronunciation and Usage

As mentioned earlier, there are multiple ways to write and say Good Morning in Chinese. If you’re learning traditional Chinese characters, then the phrase would be written as “早晨好”. While the pronunciation remains the same as the simplified version, it’s important to understand the cultural context and usage of saying Good Morning in traditional Chinese. In general, traditional Chinese is seen as more formal and respectful, so using this phrase may be more appropriate in professional or formal settings.

Additionally, certain regions may prefer to use traditional Chinese characters over simplified ones, so it’s always best to check with a native speaker or resources for guidance on which version to use. With these tips and understanding, you’ll be able to properly say Good Morning in Chinese tradition. The poetic translation of ‘早安’ as ‘morning peace’ adds a literary charm and refined nature to the greeting, contrasting with the more formal ‘早上好’.

If you want to know how to pronounce “Good Morning” in Chinese sucessfully, book a free class and let Wukong Chinese teachers teach you.

Part4: Good Morning in Chinese Cantonese – Tricks for Pronunciation Success!

Now that you’ve learned the standard ways to say Good Morning in Chinese, let’s explore how to properly say it in Cantonese.

While Mandarin Chinese is widely spoken throughout China, Cantonese is primarily spoken in the Guangdong province and Hong Kong. To say “Good Morning” in Cantonese, the most common phrase used is “早晨好(jíu sàang hóu)”.

However, there are slight differences in pronunciation and tones compared to Mandarin Chinese. For example, the “a” sound in “早”(zǎo) is pronounced with a lower tone and more emphasis on the “h” sound in “好”(hǎo).

Additionally, Cantonese has nine different tonal sounds, so it’s important to pay attention to the tone and emphasis of each character when saying Good Morning in this dialect. With these tips and practice, you’ll be able to properly say “早晨好” in Cantonese like a native speaker!

In comparison, greeting practices in Western culture, such as handshakes, are also present in China, showcasing the interplay between different cultural norms in greetings and interactions.

Part5: The Importance of Greetings in Chinese Culture

In Chinese culture, greetings hold significant importance and are an essential part of daily interactions. Saying Good Morning in Chinese not only shows politeness and respect, but it also helps to establish rapport and build relationships with others.

It’s also a way to show care and concern for the well-being of the person you’re greeting. In many workplaces or social settings, it’s customary to greet everyone individually, which shows inclusivity and consideration for each person.

Therefore, it’s essential to learn how to say Good Morning in Chinese correctly to properly engage and communicate with others in this culture. Incorporating these greetings into daily life can significantly enhance your language fluency and cultural understanding.

Part6: How to Write Good Morning in Chinese?

When it comes to writing Good Morning in Chinese, there are also a few different variations depending on the context and characters used. The most common way is to write “早上好” using simplified Chinese characters, which is the standard written form used in mainland China.

However, if you’re learning traditional Chinese characters, then the phrase would be written as “早晨好”. It’s important to note that the pronunciation remains the same, regardless of which characters are used.

Additionally, there may be alternative ways of writing Good Morning in Chinese using different characters or phrases. It’s always helpful to consult a native speaker or language resource for guidance on the best way to write it based on your specific situation.

In contrast, some European countries do not have specific morning greetings tied to defined times, and the Chinese language is becoming increasingly popular as a second language in these regions.

Part7: The Top 5 Most Common Used Chinese Greetings

In addition to “good morning,” there are many other essential greetings and phrases to learn in Chinese. Here are a few:

• 下午好 (xià wǔ hǎo) – Good afternoon
• 晚上好 (wǎn shàng hǎo) – Good evening
• 晚安 (wǎn ān) – Good night
• 你好 (nǐ hǎo) – Hello
• 再见 (zài jiàn) – Goodbye

These greetings can be used in different situations and contexts, and are essential for building relationships and showing respect in Chinese culture. Remember to practice pronunciation and usage regularly to become more confident in your Chinese language skills. By mastering these basic greetings, you’ll be well on your way to effectively communicating and connecting with Chinese-speaking friends and colleagues.

Part7: FAQ About Good Morning in Chinese

Q1: Are there different ways to say Good Morning in Chinese?

A: Yes, there are various ways to say Good Morning in Chinese depending on the context and dialect. Some of the common phrases include “早上好” in Mandarin Chinese, “早晨好” in traditional Chinese, and “早晨好” in Cantonese. It’s always best to consult with a native speaker or language resource for guidance on the appropriate way to say Good Morning based on your specific situation.

Q2: Is it important to pay attention to tones when saying Good Morning in Chinese?

A: Yes, tones play a crucial role in proper pronunciation of Good Morning in Chinese. Each character has its own tone and emphasis, which can convey different meanings or levels of formality. It’s essential to practice and pay attention to tones when learning how to say Good Morning in Chinese.

Summary

Above we introduced ways to say Good Morning in Chinese. In Chinese culture, it is important to know how to properly say Good Morning as it conveys politeness and respect, establishes rapport and builds relationships. The most common phrase in Mandarin Chinese is “早上好zǎo shàng hǎo”, while Cantonese uses “早晨好” with slight differences in pronunciation. Traditional Chinese characters may also be used depending on context and formality. Tones play a crucial role in correct pronunciation and there are various resources available for guidance on proper usage.

Kaia

My name is Kaia Bennett, and I graduated from Tianjin Foreign Studies University. With a strong background in education, parenting, economics, AI, sports, and health, I have dedicated my career to writing and sharing insights in these fields. Over the years, I have gained extensive experience as an English guest blogger, contributing to various platforms. Currently, I write for WuKong Education, where I focus on sharing learning experiences with a global audience of teenagers. My goal is to inspire and empower young minds through engaging and informative content.

Mastering the Chinese writing strokes order can be a daunting task for beginners of the Chinese language. Chinese characters may look like an unrecognizable mass of squiggles and dots, but every Chinese character has a set of basic strokes and follows clear rules of stroke order.

Learning to write Chinese characters may seem challenging, but understanding the basics of Chinese character stroke order can make the process much easier. Mastering the basic rules of Chinese character stroke order is an important prerequisite when you are writing Chinese characters.

In this guide, we’ll break down the basic rules and techniques you need to know to write Chinese characters accurately. We’ll also walk you through the basics of Chinese stroke order, explain its importance, and provide practical tips and resources to help you master it. Whether you are a beginner or are improving your Chinese writing skills, this guide will help you take the next step in learning Chinese!

What is Chinese Stroke Order?

The stroke order of Chinese characters refers to the order in which the individual strokes of a Chinese character are written. Each stroke follows specific rules developed over thousands of years to ensure consistency, balance, and clarity of writing. Following these rules not only makes your writing look professional but also ensures that others can read your characters correctly.

For Chinese learners, the order of strokes is the basis for understanding the construction of Chinese characters. Using the correct order will make your writing process smoother over time.

Why is Chinese writing stroke order important?

• Better writing and character balance: When you write Chinese characters in the correct stroke order, your characters look more proportional and beautiful. In Chinese culture, handwriting is an art, and the correct order of strokes ensures that your writing is both beautiful and legible.
  

  For example, the character “书” (shū) means “book”, and if you don’t write the character in stroke order, it will look awkward and untidy. Writing according to the rules ensures that each part of the character is proportionally and visually consistent.

• Easier recognition by handwriting input tools: Handwriting recognition tools rely on the correct order of strokes. Characters written in the wrong order can confuse these tools, making it difficult to enter characters accurately.
  

  With the correct stroke order, you can ensure that handwritten characters are effectively recognized, saving time and reducing frustration when using digital learning or translation tools.

  
  
• Enhanced Memory and Cognitive Comprehension: When you write characters in the correct order, you activate both motor skills and visual memory, making it easier to remember difficult or complex characters.

8 Basic Strokes in Chinese Characters

Chinese characters are complex, but their complexity becomes easier to deal with once you break them down into their basic strokes. Learning these basic strokes in Chinese characters is essential for mastering Chinese writing strokes order, as they determine the order and structure of every character. For beginners, knowing these basic strokes can make learning Chinese characters less difficult and provide a solid foundation for advanced writing.

Here are the eight basic strokes:

1. Horizontal Stroke (横, héng): A straight horizontal line written from left to right. Examples: “一” (yī), “二” (èr).
2. Vertical Stroke (竖, shù): Vertical lines written from top to bottom. Examples: “十” (shí), “下” (xià).
3. Left-falling Stroke (撇, piě): A diagonal line from the upper right to the lower left. Examples: “人” (rén), “文” (wén).
4. Right-falling Stroke (捺, nà): A diagonal line from the upper left to the lower right. Examples: “八” (bā), “入” (rù).
5. Dot Stroke (点, diǎn): A small downward dot or tick. Examples: “小” (xiǎo), “心” (xīn).
6. Rising Stroke (提, tí): A short upper stroke written from left to right. Examples: “我” (wǒ), “打” (dǎ).
7. Hook Stroke (钩, gōu): A stroke with a small hook at the end, which can be connected to a horizontal, vertical, or vertical stroke. Examples: “马” (mǎ), “你” (nǐ).
8. Bend Stroke (折, zhé): A stroke that changes direction drastically, e.g. from horizontal to vertical. Examples: “田” (tián), “口” (kǒu), “日” (rì).

Basic Rules of Chinese Writing Stroke Order

The writing of Chinese characters follows a set of logical rules to ensure balance, clarity, and ease of writing. These rules have been developed over centuries and are essential for anyone learning the stroke order of Chinese characters. After all, the Chinese character is an art form, and stroke order rules are especially important when writing Chinese calligraphy. However, you can think of these instructions as a guide to basic writing stroke order rather than the universal rules of Chinese writing.

You can write the characters with a pen, pencil, or brush and ink. At first, some of the rules may seem complicated or even contradictory. However, with a little practice, they soon become intuitive. After a while, you will no longer need to think about these rules.

Please note that there are slight differences in stroke order between the simplified Chinese characters widely used in mainland China and the traditional Chinese characters used in other regions.

1. Top to bottom

One of the most basic rules of Chinese character stroke order is that strokes are generally written from top to bottom. In other words, start writing from the top of a character and work your way down.

For example, the character “言” (yán) is written from the topmost stroke and then downwards. Here is the animated stroke order of the character “言”.

2. Left to right

After following the “top to bottom” rule, the next most important rule is to write from left to right. When elements of a character are next to each other, the character is written from left to right.

For example, in the character “位” (wèi), the left stroke is written first and then moved to the right stroke.

3. Horizontal before vertical strokes

Whenever a horizontal and vertical stroke crosses, write the horizontal stroke first, then the vertical stroke. If a vertical line crosses a horizontal line, write all the horizontal lines first.

For example, “丰” (fēng), horizontal strokes are always written before vertical strokes.

4. First right-to-left diagonals, then left-to-right diagonals

The rule states that when both strokes appear in the same character, the left-hand side should be written before the right-hand side. The left-hand side is usually the longer or more prominent stroke, so writing the left-hand side first creates a solid foundation for adding the right-hand side.

This rule sounds complicated, but it’s quite simple. That is, for diagonal downward strokes, write the right-to-left diagonal (丿) first, then the left-to-right diagonal (㇏).

Example characters: “八” (bā), “人” (rén), “交” (jiāo).

5. Center comes first in vertically symmetrical characters

When you write a character that is centered and roughly symmetrical (but not stacked from top to bottom), the general rule is to write the center front first. See the character “小” (xiǎo), which means “small”.

6. Move from outside to inside and close frames last

You want to create the frame of the character before filling it in. So, with the character “固” (gù), you write the outer enclosure first, then the little box, then the line at the bottom that “shuts the door”.

7. Character-spanning strokes last

Strokes that span all other strokes are usually written last. For example, the character “半” (bàn) means “half”. The long vertical line is written at the end because it runs through the rest of the character.

8. Top or upper-left dots first, inside or upper-right dots last

Even if Rule 1 (top to bottom) and Rule 2 (left to right) are violated, write the dot at the top or upper left first. The inner or upper right dot is written after the other strokes.

For example, in the character “玉” (yù), the stroke order of the Chinese character is to write two horizontal, then one vertical 丨. Then a horizontal at the bottom, and finally the dot 丶.

The Importance of Chinese Writing Strokes Order

Although few people in China today use handwriting input methods to enter Chinese characters, typing by stroke order is still one of the fastest ways to enter Chinese characters, such as the five-stroke input method. In many cases, knowing the stroke order of Chinese characters is essential, even though people now rely on their smartphones for most Chinese tasks. For those who are slightly interested in Chinese calligraphy or Chinese culture, learning the rules of Chinese character stroke order is even more important.

Nowadays, many apps and tools include animated Chinese character stroke order diagrams, and this article provides you with many of them. They show the stroke order of Chinese characters and the process of writing Chinese characters. Following the stroke order animation can help you internalize the rules of Chinese character stroke order and greatly improve the efficiency of Chinese character learning.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What Chinese character has the most strokes?

If we consider only Chinese characters, then the character with the most strokes is the word “𰻝” (biáng), which has 58 strokes in the traditional form!

2. Any other tips for learning Chinese stroke order?

In addition to the basic strokes and rules of Chinese characters mentioned above in this article, you can also use the following tips:

• Using lined or grid paper: Liner or grid paper is a useful tool for keeping your lettering neat and proportional. The lines will guide your strokes to a consistent height, width， and character spacing. Some learners find that grid paper, with its even boxes, is especially helpful for learning to balance strokes.
• Practice Writing with Consistency: To write Chinese characters well, practice is essential. You can start by copying from a textbook or model text, and then gradually practice writing Chinese characters from memory. The more you practice, the smoother and more natural your writing will become. A good choice is a character calligraphy copybook.

Conclusion

Understanding the basics of Chinese writing stroke order is crucial for anyone starting to learn kanji. Mastering the stroke order not only improves the clarity of your writing but also helps to strengthen the memorization of kanji during the learning process. It lays a solid foundation for being able to write beautiful, accurate Chinese characters.

To learn more about Chinese character writing and Chinese culture, you can also join the WuKong Chinese course and explore the Chinese world more deeply together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

In Chinese culture, nicknames are often more casual, fun, and personal than formal names. When you’re learning Mandarin Chinese or visiting China, you’ll find that it’s common to call people by nicknames, including some of the most popular Chinese nicknames. They’re a way to express affection, build closer relationships, and even highlight someone’s unique characteristics. Whether between family members, close friends, or lovers, most common Chinese nicknames often contain warmth and charm beyond their literal meaning.

However, many Chinese nicknames may sound unfamiliar or even seem strange. So let’s learn how to get a nickname by exploring the cultural significance of Chinese nicknames, the Chinese nickname for boyfriend or girlfriend, and practical ways to create personalized nicknames so you can give your Chinese friend or loved one a cute and funny Chinese nickname of their own.

What are Chinese Nicknames?

Chinese nicknames, which translate to “昵称” (nì chēng) and are also called “绰号” (chuò hào) and “小名” (xiǎo míng), are informal names used to express affection, intimacy, or personality traits. Nicknames are often more casual, often used in daily conversations, and reflect the relationship between the users.

For example, a mother might give her child a cute Chinese nickname “小胖” (xiǎo pàng). The word literally means in Chinese language that someone is a little overweight (the exact meaning is determined by different tones of voice), but mothers give this nickname to their children because they want them to be healthy and cute. And friends may give each other funny nicknames based on shared memories or jokes they both know.

Where and how are Chinese nicknames used?

Chinese nicknames are commonly used in a variety of social situations, and their meaning and tone may vary depending on the relationship:

• Family relationships: Parents often use nicknames to express their love and concern for their children. For example, a baby may be affectionately called “宝宝” (bǎo bǎo, meaning “baby”) or “乖乖” (guāi guāi, meaning “good boy”).
• Friendship: Nicknames are used between friends to express closeness or to make fun of each other (in good faith). For example, someone named “王强” (Wáng Qiáng) may be jokingly called “强哥” (Qiáng gē, meaning “older brother”) to emphasize the feeling of closeness and respect.
• Couples: Couples are often known for romantic and sweet nicknames. Common examples include “亲爱的” (qīn ài de, meaning “darling”) or personalized names such as “小猪” (xiǎo zhū, meaning “little piggy”) to show affection and intimacy. A Chinese girl might use familial terms like 哥哥 (gēgē) to refer to her boyfriend, reflecting a deep cultural significance in building personal connections.
• Work or Social Relationships: In some cases, nicknames may appear in professional or social circles as a way to easily identify someone. For example, a boss may be nicknamed “老大” (lǎo dà, meaning “boss”) by his team members. It’s a way to show that the team has a relaxed relationship.

Not only do well-intentioned nicknames strengthen connections, but they also add a layer of fun and intimacy to relationships and are an important part of everyday Chinese people’s communication.

Cultural Significance of Chinese Nicknames

In Chinese culture, nicknames are a way of expressing closeness and affection. Chinese nicknames are more than just throwaway names; they are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and play an important role in fostering emotional connections.

They reflect the importance of interpersonal relationships in Chinese society and often have meanings that go beyond the literal translation.

• Cultural Tradition: In many Chinese families, children are given nicknames by their parents or grandparents. These names are often used within the family to symbolize love and care.
• Strengthen relationships: Using a nickname shows that you have a personal connection with someone. It creates a sense of intimacy that cannot be achieved with a formal name.
• Practical use: Nicknames are usually shorter and easier to say, making them more suitable for casual conversation.
  

  Nicknames reflect the importance of relationships and community in Chinese society, where personal relationships are highly valued.

Funny Chinese Nicknames

Many funny Chinese words make great nicknames, and some of these popular Chinese nicknames refer to your most prominent features and compare them to things that are well-known. They may exaggerate certain features for comedic effect.

While some of these popular nicknames may seem mean or harsh, it’s important to realize that, unlike in Western culture, they are well-intentioned in a cultural context. Here are some examples:

• 阿呆 (ā dāi): Translated as “silly” or “dummy”. This nickname is often used to describe someone clumsy or forgetful. It is a harmless way to tease your friends or partner.
• 吃货 (chī huò): Meaning “foodie”, this nickname is perfect for someone who likes to eat or is always thinking about their next meal.
• 大头 (dà tóu): Meaning “big head”, this nickname is a humorous way of describing someone with a slightly larger head or a “big-head” (overconfident).
• 肉肉 (ròu ròu): Meaning “chubby” or “meaty,” this nickname is often used affectionately for someone with a soft or pudgy appearance.
• 土豆 (tǔ dòu): This nickname is quirky and means “potato”. It’s a humorous nickname, usually for a pet, but can also refer to a short-looking person, like a potato in the soil.

Cool Chinese Nicknames

Using hip or trendy Chinese words to describe the people in your life is a great way to look cool and show off your Chinese. It also makes you stand out as a star Mandarin student and makes it seem like Chinese is your native language.

• 风行者 (fēng xíng zhě): “Windwalker” – a fashionable nickname for a fast, agile, and unpredictable player.
• 老板 (lǎobǎn): 老板 (lǎobǎn) means “boss”. Many Chinese will use this term to refer to their de facto boss and other people they respect. Since using someone’s full first or last name is too intimate for customer and business relationships, customers will often address the store owner as the boss. Friends also sometimes call each other “老板”, often when one friend has invited the other to dinner or has given them something when it is meant in good faith.
• 帅哥 (shuàigē): 帅哥 (shuàigē) is a positive and common Chinese nickname that means “handsome guy”. This nickname is often used when you don’t know the name of a male or when it is inappropriate to ask. For example, in restaurants, waiters are often referred to as “帅哥” instead of their names.
• 星仔 (xīng zǎi): 星仔 means “star boy”, a fashionable nickname that conveys charisma and uniqueness and is often used for people with outstanding personalities.

Cute Chinese Nicknames

Cute nicknames are meant to express love and tenderness, and they are especially common in romantic relationships and between close friends. Whether it’s a nickname for a loved one or a pet, these cute Chinese nicknames can make people smile and bring them closer together.

Here are some popular nicknames:

• 小猪 (xiǎo zhū): “Little piggy” is a playful nickname for someone who loves to eat and sleep. It is a term of endearment in many romantic relationships.
• 宝宝 (bǎo bǎo): Like “baby” in English, this Chinese nickname is full of love and tenderness. It is one of the most common Chinese nicknames and is commonly used both by parents for their children and between couples.
• 乖乖 (guāi guāi): “good boy”, often used for well-behaved, cute children or even close friends.
• 小猫 (xiǎo māo): “kitten”, a nickname for someone cute, quiet, or loves cats.
• 天使 (tiān shǐ): This word means “angel” and usually refers to someone who is kind-hearted and sweet by nature.
• 亲亲 (qīn qīn): This word is a sweet nickname that translates to “kissing” and is often used between lovers. It denotes intimacy and closeness.

Chinese Nicknames for Boyfriend

Addressing your boyfriend with special nicknames can deepen your relationship and express your love. Chinese nicknames range from romantic to playful, and each one holds a unique emotion. Interestingly, the literal meanings of these nicknames often have deeper or different meanings in a romantic relationship.

• 大笨蛋 (dà bèn dàn): meaning “big dummy” (teasing but full of love). For example, you can say to your boyfriend, “你这个大笨蛋,总是忘记带钥匙!” (nǐ zhè gè dà bèn dàn, zǒng shì wàng jì dài yào shi) – “You big dummy, always forgetting your keys!”. Used in a joking and affectionate way to indicate playfulness in an intimate relationship.
• 熊熊 (xióng xióng): This nickname means “little bear”. For example, “熊熊，抱抱我吧，我好冷啊” (xióng xióng , bào bào wǒ ba , wǒ hǎo lěng a) – “Xiong Xiong, give me a hug, I’m so cold!” . This nickname applies to boyfriends who are strong, warm, and cuddly like bears.
• 哥哥 (gēgē): In many Western cultures, calling the guy you’re dating “elder brother” or “younger brother” can feel a little uncomfortable. It sounds a bit like calling your older family member. But in China, it’s normal for girls to call their boyfriends who are older than them this way. It’s a typical nickname between couples.
• 老公 (lǎo gōng): In mainland China, unmarried women sometimes refer to their boyfriends as “老公” – “husband”. Although they don’t do it right off the bat, after dating for a while and getting along with each other, you may start hearing your girlfriend call your boyfriend “husband” even before he proposes to her.

Chinese nicknames for Girlfriend

When it comes to Chinese nicknames for girlfriends, you’ll find some that are very sweet, some that are affectionate, and some that are humorous. Many Chinese nicknames for girlfriends highlight their most cherished qualities, creating a unique and intimate language for couples.

The way Chinese nicknames are variations of traditional Chinese names is also common.

• 妹妹(mèimei): Just as girls call their boyfriends “哥哥” (gēgē), Chinese boys call their girlfriends “妹妹” (mèimei) – ” younger sister”.
• 小公举 (xiǎo gōng jǔ): This nickname is the Chinese word for “little princess” with a petulant and cute tone. While there are many cute Chinese nicknames for girls, this nickname conveys a sense of preciousness. Sometimes it can be used in a silly way, like when your girlfriend asks you for a favor and you say, “好的，我的小公举!” (hǎo de , wǒ de xiǎo gōng jǔ!) – “Yes, my little princess!” .
• 老婆 (lǎo pó): It is also common for men to refer to their girlfriends as “老婆”. Like “老公”, common couples who are not yet married use this term, which has a meaning similar to the English pet name “wifey”.
• 小仙女 (xiǎo xiān nǚ): This nickname means “little fairy”. It can be used to describe your girlfriend as elegant and beautiful.
  

  For example, you can say to your girlfriend, “小仙女，你真像从童话里走出来的!” (xiǎo xiān nǚ, nǐ zhēn xiàng cóng tóng huà lǐ zǒu chū lái de!) – “Little fairy, you look like you came out of a fairy tale!”

Chinese Nicknames for Kids

A child’s nickname is called “小名” (xiǎo míng) or “乳名” (rǔ míng). All the nicknames that Chinese people give to their children contain good wishes. Nowadays, many young Chinese parents like to give their children nicknames related to fruits, snacks or drinks because they find these kinds of nicknames cute. The use of repetitive characters (called “叠词” (dié cí) in Mandarin Chinese), and nicknames beginning with “阿” (ā) or with “小” (xiǎo) are also popular in China.

• 糯米 (nuòmǐ): Chinese families sometimes call their children 糯米, which means “sticky rice”. This denotes good wishes for the child, as in traditional Chinese culture, glutinous rice is used to denote happiness, health, prosperity, and good fortune.
• 小不点 (xiǎo bú diǎn): This nickname means “little one” and is a term of endearment for the youngest member of the family, emphasizing their young age and tiny size.
• 小宝 (xiǎo bǎo): Meaning “baby”, this nickname is often used by parents to refer to their youngest child to express how precious they are.
• 虎子 (hǔ zi): This word means “tiger” and is often used by parents to refer to their sons. It represents strength, bravery, and the hope that the child will grow up healthy and fearless and strong.
• 崽崽 (zǎi zǎi): This word means “baby” and is another way of referring to a child as a baby. It is an adorable nickname that represents the deep affection parents have for their children.

Chinese Nicknames for Friends

Friends play an important role in Chinese culture, and the various nicknames in the language reflect this importance. Chinese people often refer to their friends by nicknames, each of which has a specific meaning. Some nicknames represent shared memories, while others highlight the strength and longevity of a friendship.

• 老铁 (lǎo tiě): This nickname means “bro” or “close friends”. It is a term of endearment used to refer to a close friend and to symbolize a strong and lasting friendship. This word expresses the idea that friendship is like iron, strong, reliable, and lasting.
  

  老铁 is the dialect of northeastern China, but today it is also used in other parts of mainland China.

• 阿 (ā): Combining the character 阿 with someone’s name is one way to address a friend in Chinese. For example, if your friend’s name is “李明” (Lǐ Míng), some of his friends might call him “阿明” (ā ming). It doesn’t have any special meaning, it’s just a nickname to show closeness, so family or friends often use it, especially if someone has a short name.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is it common for Chinese people to call their friends nicknames in public?

Yes, it is very common for Chinese people to give nicknames to their friends in public. This is especially true among the younger generation, as it helps build a sense of camaraderie and intimacy. However, this may depend on how close the friendship is.

2. What is the origin of Chinese nicknames?

Chinese nicknames have existed since ancient China and are deeply rooted in the language and culture. They usually reflect Chinese culture such as social norms and interpersonal relationships.

Conclusion

Chinese nicknames are a fascinating reflection of the creativity and cultural richness of the Chinese language. If you’ve been inspired by this guide, start experimenting today! You will find that using Chinese nicknames adds a personal touch and fun to your conversations with others.

If you are also interested in other Chinese cultures or the Chinese language, you can also join the WuKong Chinese course and learn Chinese together!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

Have you ever wondered what makes a number odd? Understanding odd numbers is essential for students and educators alike, especially in elementary mathematics.

This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of odd numbers, exploring their definition, properties, and types while also delving into practical examples and solved problems. By the end of this article, you will have a firm grasp of what odd numbers are and how to identify and work with them effectively.

Part 1: What Are Odd Numbers?

Odd numbers are integers that cannot be divided evenly by 2. In simpler terms, when you divide an odd number by 2, you will always leave a remainder of 1, meaning they are not divisible by 2. This characteristic makes odd numbers distinct from even numbers, which can be divided by 2 without any remainder.

Definition and Meaning of Odd Numbers

Odd numbers are integers that cannot be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder. In other words, an odd number is always 1 more or 1 less than an even number. The sequence of odd numbers starts from 1 and continues indefinitely: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and so on. These numbers are unique because they do not fit into pairs, making them distinct from even numbers. Odd numbers are also known as gnomonic numbers, a term that highlights their unique properties in mathematics.

Examples of Odd Numbers

Let’s take a look at a few odd numbers like 3, 5, and 7:

• 1: Odd (1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1)
• 3: Odd (3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1)
• 5: Odd (5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1)
• 7: Odd (7 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 1)

To help visualize the concept, consider the example of apples. If you have 5 apples, you cannot pair them up completely without having one apple left over. This visual representation can make it easier to understand why these numbers are classified as odd.

Characteristics of Odd Numbers

• Last Digit: Odd numbers end with the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
• Divisibility: They cannot be divided equally into two parts, which is why one apple remains unpaired.
• Range: Odd numbers can be both positive and negative, meaning numbers like -1, -3, and -5 are also odd.

Part 2: Even and Odd Numbers

Understanding the relationship between an even or odd number is fundamental in mathematics.

• Even Numbers: These are integers that can be divided evenly by 2. They end with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. For instance, numbers like 2, 4, 6, and 8 are even.
• Odd Numbers: As mentioned earlier, odd numbers cannot be divided evenly by 2 and end with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

How to Identify Even or Odd Numbers

To determine if a number is even or odd:

1. Look at the Last Digit:

• If the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, it’s even.
• If the last digit is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, it’s odd.

This method is based on the divisibility rule, which helps in identifying even and odd numbers.

Identifying Odd Numbers

To identify an odd number, you can use the following methods:

1. Check the Last Digit: If the number ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, it’s an odd number.
2. Divide by 2: Try dividing the number by 2. If it leaves a remainder of 1, it’s an odd number.
3. Compare with Even Numbers: Check if the number is 1 more or 1 less than an even number. If it is, it’s an odd number.

For example, the number 23 is an odd number because it ends in 3, cannot be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder, and is 1 more than the even number 22. These simple checks can help you quickly determine whether a number is odd or even.

Practical Application

This understanding is not just theoretical. It can be applied in real-world scenarios, such as sorting items or distributing snacks. For example, if you have 12 cookies and want to share them with 4 friends, you can give each friend 3 cookies. But if you have 13 cookies, one cookie will remain.

Part 3: List of Odd Numbers (1 to 100)

Let’s explore the first few odd numbers like 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. Let’s explore all the odd numbers from 1 to 100. Here’s a table listing the odd numbers from 1 to 100 in four columns:

How Many Odd Numbers Are There?

In total, there are 50 odd numbers between 1 and 100. This is half of the total integers in that range, as they alternate with even numbers.

What are all the odd numbers?

The list of all odd numbers is infinite, but here are the first few odd numbers:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, …

In general, odd numbers can be expressed in the form 2n+1, where nnn is any non-negative integer. This means that odd numbers continue indefinitely in both the positive and negative directions, such as -1, -3, -5, and so on.

Part 4: Types of Odd Numbers

Composite numbers are positive integers that have factors other than 1 and themselves; examples include 9, 15, and 21.

Odd numbers can be categorized into different types, which can be crucial for understanding their applications in various mathematical contexts.

1. Consecutive Odd Numbers

Consecutive odd numbers are odd numbers that follow each other in sequence, with a difference of 2 between them. For example:

• If nnn is an odd number, then nnn and n+2 are consecutive odd numbers.
• Examples include 3 and 5, 15 and 17, and so on.

2. Composite Odd Numbers

Composite odd numbers have factors other than 1 and themselves. Examples include:

• 9: (3 × 3)
• 15: (3 × 5)
• 21: (3 × 7)

Smallest Odd Composite Number

The smallest odd composite number is 9. Among the odd numbers, 1 is neither prime nor composite, while 3, 5, and 7 are prime. Thus, 9 is the first composite odd number.

Part 5: Properties of Odd Numbers

Understanding the properties of odd numbers helps in solving various mathematical problems effectively. The following points outline the properties of odd numbers:

Properties of Addition

• Odd + Odd = Even: For example, 3 + 5 = 8 (even).
• Even + Odd = Odd: For example, 6 + 1 = 7 (odd).

Properties of Subtraction

• Even – Odd = Odd: For example, 10 – 5 = 5 (odd).
• Odd – Odd = Even: For example, 11 – 3 = 8 (even).

Properties of Multiplication

• Odd × Odd = Odd: For example, 3 × 5 = 15 (odd).
• Even × Odd = Even: For example, 4 × 3 = 12 (even).

Properties of Division

• When dividing two odd numbers, if the denominator is a factor of the numerator, the result is an odd number. For example, 9 ÷ 3 = 3 (odd).
• If the denominator is not a factor, the result is a decimal.

Part 6: Solved Examples on Odd Numbers

Let’s walk through some solved examples to reinforce these concepts. Here is an odd numbers example to demonstrate various properties and calculations.

Example 1: Find the Sum of the Smallest and Largest 3-Digit Odd Numbers

• Smallest 3-digit odd number: 101
• Largest 3-digit odd number: 999
• Sum: 101 + 999 = 1100 (which is even).

Example 2: Determine if 135 is Odd or Even

To check:

• Divide 135 by 2: 135 ÷ 2 = 67 remainder 1.
• Since there is a remainder, 135 is an odd number.

Example 3: Find the Next Three Odd Numbers After 23

• Start with 23:
• Next odd numbers: 25, 27, and 29.

Example 4: Find Two Consecutive Odd Numbers Whose Sum is 144

Let x be the first odd number.

• Then x+(x+2)=144
• Simplifying gives 2x+2=144, so 2x=142, thus x=71.
• The two consecutive odd numbers are 71 and 73.

Example 5: How to Determine if a Number is Odd or Even

To determine if a number is odd or even:

• Check the last digit.
• If the last digit is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, then the number is odd.
• If the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, then the number is even.

Odd Numbers Worksheet: Download for Free

There is a worksheet that can help you reinforce these concepts. You can download the printable math worksheets PDF now.

Resources and Practice

To practice identifying odd numbers, you can try the following exercises:

1. Write Down Odd Numbers: Write down the first 20 odd numbers and check if they meet the criteria for being odd.
2. Divide by 2: Try dividing a list of numbers by 2 and identify which ones leave a remainder of 1.
3. Use a Number Line: Create a number line with even and odd numbers marked and practice identifying the odd numbers.

You can also use online resources such as math games, quizzes, and worksheets to practice identifying odd numbers. Some recommended resources include:

• Khan Academy’s “Odd and Even Numbers” video: A comprehensive video explaining the concept of odd and even numbers.
• Math Playground’s “Odd and Even Numbers” interactive game: An engaging game to practice identifying odd and even numbers.
• IXL’s “Odd and Even Numbers” practice worksheet: A worksheet to reinforce your understanding through practice.

These resources can provide additional support and interactive ways to master the concept of odd numbers.

FAQs on Odd Numbers

Q1: Is Zero an Odd Number?

No, zero is an even number because it can be divided evenly by 2.

Q2: Are All Prime Numbers Odd?

No, the only even prime number is 2. All other prime numbers are odd.

Q3: What is the General Form of an Odd Number?

The general form of odd numbers can be expressed as 2n + 1, where n is any integer.

Q4: Find the First Ten Odd Numbers

The first ten odd numbers are: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19.

Q5: Is 2 an Odd Number?

No, 2 is an even number.

Q6: Is 15 Odd or Even?

15 is an odd number because it cannot be divided evenly by 2.

Q7: What are applications of the odd numbers？

Odd numbers have a variety of applications in mathematics and other fields. For example:

• In number theory, odd numbers are used to study prime numbers and other types of special numbers.
• In computer science, odd numbers are used to represent bits and other types of data.
• In physics, odd numbers are used to describe the behavior of subatomic particles.

Conclusion

In this article, we explored the definition, properties, and types of odd numbers. Understanding these concepts is essential for anyone studying mathematics. With solid knowledge of odd numbers, you can tackle various mathematical problems confidently. For additional practice and learning, consider exploring worksheets and engaging with interactive math online classes.

Kaia

My name is Kaia Bennett, and I graduated from Tianjin Foreign Studies University. With a strong background in education, parenting, economics, AI, sports, and health, I have dedicated my career to writing and sharing insights in these fields. Over the years, I have gained extensive experience as an English guest blogger, contributing to various platforms. Currently, I write for WuKong Education, where I focus on sharing learning experiences with a global audience of teenagers. My goal is to inspire and empower young minds through engaging and informative content.

If you want to test your Mandarin Chinese language skills, then HSK is a great opportunity to try it out. Although HSK 1 is the most basic official Chinese test, passing it is still an achievement worth celebrating.

In this article, we will introduce information related to HSK level 1 vocabulary, such as the new HSK 1 vocabulary list and other information about HSK 1, as well as free HSK 1 vocabulary PDF for you to download. Here is a quick guide to learning essential HSK 1 Chinese vocabulary.

The Complete HSK 1 Vocabulary List

The HSK 1 vocabulary list is your go-to resource for learning the most basic Mandarin vocabulary. Below, we have organized the words required for the new HSK Level 1 into a clear and easy-to-understand table. The table includes Chinese characters, pinyin, and English translations, making it perfect for Chinese beginners.

To achieve this first level of Chinese language proficiency, you must master basic pronouns, classifiers, nouns, verbs, and other parts of speech. You must also know how to express time, age, money, and numbers using different sentence patterns such as questions, negatives, imperatives, etc.

Once you are able to understand and use the contents of the form, you have met the basic communication needs and can learn Chinese further.

Tips for Studying HSK 1 Vocabulary Effectively

Here are some top tips for getting the most out of your HSK 1 vocabulary study time:

• Learn practical everyday words before academic words
• Say the words out loud when practicing
• Reinforce the meaning of words through pictures, videos, and translations
• Monitoring progress through practice tests

Different Types of HSK 1 Vocabulary List

Below we have categorized the HSK1 vocabulary lists for your quick reference.

HSK 1 Adjectives

HSK 1 Adverbs

HSK 1 Auxiliary Verbs

HSK 1 Demonstrative Pron.

HSK 1 Interrogative Pron.

HSK 1 Measure Words

HSK 1 Nouns

HSK 1 Numerals

HSK 1 Verbs

HSK 1 Personal Pronouns

HSK 1 Particles

The Best Way to Memorize HSK 1 Vocabulary

Now that you have seen the HSK 1 vocabulary list, you know what you should be learning. But what is the best way to memorize these words?

The best way to memorize HSK 1 vocabulary (or any other level of vocabulary for that matter) is to use flashcards and ‘touch’ new vocabulary as much as you can in real life, allowing words to naturally move from short-term to long-term memory.

Step 1. Select and create a vocabulary list

Although we have prepared HSK 1 vocabulary lists for you, you will need to create your to remember the words.

Firstly, browse through our vocabulary lists, then write down any words you don’t know in your notebook, and select and create your own vocabulary lists from these. Make them your Chinese vocabulary.

Step 2. Use Flashcards

Flashcards are a powerful way to review Chinese words. The very process of making flashcards exposes you to more unfamiliar vocabulary.

If you don’t have as much time as you’d like, then you can use flashcard apps like Anki. It is convenient for you to use your fragmented time to review new words.

Step 3. Get Out There and Try New Words

To use these words accurately and convincingly, pass the HSK 1 exam, and speak Chinese, you will need to be exposed to many more words!

Practicing with a native Chinese speaker will do the trick. If you can’t find someone to practice with, you can also look up words and read example sentences in some dictionary apps or websites. These sentences will give you more exposure to the words in context.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Do I have to know all 150 words required to pass the HSK 1 test?

You will not encounter all 150 required words in one test, which means you can take your chances. However, these 150 words are the most basic and important words you need to speak Chinese. You should master them anyway, and build your vocabulary on them.

2. Do I need to know how to write these words to pass the HSK?

In the HSK 1 exam, all questions are provided in a “true or false” and “multiple choice” format. In addition, all questions on the test paper are accompanied by Pinyin and Chinese characters.

Nonetheless, it is still a good idea to master basic Chinese character writing as early as possible. This will help you memorize vocabulary better and read Chinese texts more easily.

Conclusion

Mastering the vocabulary of HSK1 will be a good start for you to begin learning Mandarin. This basic vocabulary lays the foundation for basic communication in Chinese. By focusing on this easy-to-follow vocabulary list, you will build the confidence and skills you need to further your learning of Chinese.

If you are interested in other levels of HSK exams and learning Chinese, WuKong Chinese has a wealth of quality resources for you to explore!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

When learning Chinese, “what” is probably one of the first and most important words you will learn. Saying “what” in Mandarin is one of the most common and important phrases for Chinese beginners. It translates to “什么” (shénme) in Mandarin. If you don’t know how to use “what” in Chinese, even the simplest conversations can be difficult.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about how to say “what” in Mandarin, from definitions and pronunciation to pinyin, examples, and more. If you want to learn more about the basics of Chinese, then check it out together!

“What” in Mandarin Chinese

The most common meaning of “what” in Chinese is “什么”. The Chinese word “what” consists of two characters. The first character, “什” (shén), is a separate word for “what” or “why” meaning. Its different meanings depend on the word next to it and on different Chinese contexts. The second character is “么” (me), and the meaning of this character generally depends on the other Chinese characters used with it.

You can also use “什么” to build simple sentences or phrases. For example, “没什么” (méi shénme) means “it doesn’t matter”.

In English sentences, “what” is placed before demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those) or subject pronouns (I, we, he, she, they), such as “What is this?” However, in the Chinese language, the word “什么” is often placed after demonstrative or subject Pronouns like “这是什么?” (zhè shì shénme?) translates to “This is what?”

The Basics of Saying “What” in Chinese Language

The most common word for “what” in Mandarin is “什么” (shénme). It is pronounced more like ‘shummuh’ (shénme) with a falling pitch. Here’s a quick start guide on saying “什么” (shénme):

• Pronunciation: “shénme” with a falling tone on the second syllable. Say it quickly, almost as one syllable.
• Characters: 什么 – The first character means “what”.
• Usage: Place “shénme” at the end of the sentence to ask “What is…” questions. For example:
  

  这是什么？ (Zhè shì shénme) – What is this?你在做什么？ (nǐ zài zuò shénme) – What are you doing?你想要什么？(nǐ xiǎng yào shénme) – What do you want?

• Responses: Answers will start with the object in question. For example:
  

  这是笔。(Zhè shì bǐ) – This is a pen.我在吃饭。(wǒ zài chī fàn) – I am eating.我想要那本书。(wǒ xiǎng yào nà běn shū) – I want that book.

So the basic formula is: Ask a question with “shénme” at the end and get an answer stating the subject first.

“What” in Chinese With Different Pronouns

Here are some general sentence examples using “什么” (shén me).

什么 As Interrogative Pronoun

The word “what” becomes a subject-form interrogative pronoun when no demonstrative or personal pronoun is used in the sentence.

Examples of how to use “什么” as a subject-form interrogative pronoun:

• 什么意思？(shén me yì si) – What is the meaning?
• 什么问题？(shén me wèn tí) – What is the problem?
• 发生了什么事情？(fā shēng le shén me shì qing) – What happened?

什么 With Demonstrative Pronoun

Chinese Demonstrative Pronouns such as 这, 那, 这些, 那些 (zhè, nà, zhè xiē, nà xiē) are placed at the beginning of the sentence when you are using English Demonstrative Pronouns and when there is no Personal Pronoun used.

Examples:

• 这是什么？(zhè shì shén me) – What is this?
• 那是什么？(nà shì shén me) – What is that?
• 这些是什么？(zhè xiē shì shén me) – What are these?
• 那些是什么？(nà xiē shì shén me) – What are those?

什么 With Subject Pronoun

If you make a sentence containing a subject pronoun, the Chinese word “什么” becomes an object question pronoun. The subject pronoun is placed at the beginning of the sentence. If you want to make a sentence in the past tense, the word “了” (le) is added after the verb.

Examples:

• 你喜欢吃什么？(nǐ xǐ huān chī shén me) – What do you like to eat?
• 你说什么？(nǐ shuō shén me) – What are you saying?
• 你做了什么？(nǐ zuò le shén me) – What did you do? (past tense)

什么 With Object Pronoun

When you use an object pronoun (I, we, she, he) in a sentence, the Chinese word “什么”’ becomes a subject interrogative pronoun. It is written in the form (what + noun) and placed first in the sentence.

Examples:

• 什么事情让我生气? (shén me shìqíng ràng wǒ shēngqì) – What are the things that make me angry?
• 什么会让我们留下来? (shén me huì ràng wǒmen liú xià lái) – What will make us stay?

什么 With Both Subject and Object Pronouns

In Chinese, subject and object pronouns use the same word – 我 wǒ，你 nǐ，他 tā，她 tā，我们 wǒ men，你们 nǐ men.

In English, personal pronouns can either be I or Me. While in Chinese, the personal pronouns are the same character (我 vs 我) or wǒ, this can confuse when they appear at the same time in the sentence.

Examples:

• 我不知道你刚才说什么？ 我听不清楚. (wǒ bù zhī dào nǐ gāng cái shuō shén me? Wǒ tīng bù qīng chǔ.) – What are you talking about just now? I can’t hear clearly.
• 你能提供什么帮助？ 我需要它. (nǐ néng tígōng shén me bāngzhù? Wǒ xūyào tā.) – What help can you offer? I need it.

Different Meanings of “What” in Chinese

In addition to the basic translation of “什么”, “what” also has some other common meanings in Chinese.

“What” in Chinese – 怎么 zěn me

Besides 什么 (shén me), another way to express “what” in Chinese is “怎么” (zěn me). 怎么 (zěn me) has limited usage, for it is often translated to “how” in Mandarin Chinese language instead of “what.” Using 怎么 (zěn me) or 什么 (shén me) will depend on the version you want to express in English.

For example, the sentence “What happened?” in Chinese is 怎么了 (zěn me le). You mainly want to know how it happened and not what happened.

“What” in Chinese – 啊 á

In Chinese, “啊” (á) can also be used to mean “what” in some cases. However, it is usually used in very specific contexts.

When “what” is translated as 啊 in Chinese, it can be used to express surprise or skepticism, or when a person doesn’t quite hear what the other person is saying and asks the other person to repeat it.

For example, if someone is speaking quickly or unclearly, you can respond with “What?” – 啊? á

Another example is when someone mentions something unexpected in a conversation. Suppose someone tells you amazing news, you might exclaim, “啊 真的吗?” (á zhēn de ma?). Here, “啊” is used to express your surprise as part of an overall response, similar to saying “What, really?” in English.

What in Chinese – 啥 shá

In Chinese, “啥” (shá) is a common colloquial word for “what”. It is a more informal way of asking, especially in Chinese dialects.

The usage of “啥” is simple. For example, when you want to ask “What are you doing?” – “你在干什么?” (nǐ zài gàn shén me), you can say “你在干啥?” (nǐ zài gàn shá). This usage is often used in daily conversations to make the communication sound more friendly and approachable.

Note: “什么” is more formal and can be used in written language; “啥” is more colloquial and is generally less used in formal language, especially in documents, academic papers, or official announcements.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How to say “what” in traditional Chinese?

In traditional Chinese, “what” can be translated as “甚麼” (shén me) or “什麼” (shén me). In some literary or ancient Chinese contexts, “何” (hé) can also mean “what”.

For example:

“你在做甚麼？” or “你在做什麼？” (What are you doing?)

2. How to write “what” in Chinese characters?

Step 1: Deconstructing the glyphs

什 (shén):

Structure: left-right structure (the left side is ‘亻’, the right side is ‘十’).

Stroke order: 1. Skim (丿) 2. Vertical (丨) 3. Horizontal (一) 4. Vertical (丨); (4 strokes in total)

么 (me):

Stroke order: 1. Skim (丿) 2. Skim-fold (𠃌) 3. Dot (丶); (3 strokes in total)

Step 2: Writing Demonstration

“什”: write the left ‘亻’: the apostrophe is short and the vertical is long, and the vertical starts from the middle of the apostrophe. Then write the ‘十’ on the right: the horizontal is flat and vertical, and the horizontal is slightly longer than the vertical.

“么”: Write the short apostrophe first, then the apostrophe fold (folding out from the middle of the apostrophe to the lower right), and finally the dot. Note: the last stroke is a dot, not a press!

Conclusion

Correctly using “what” in Chinese has many benefits for your Chinese learning, as it is used frequently in many conversations. You may find it difficult and confusing at first, but with continued learning, you will find it very simple.

If you found this article helpful and you want to learn Mandarin more deeply, you can learn more about Mandarin through the WuKong Chinese course.

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.

There are many different ways to express “and” in Chinese characters, such as “和” (hé), “与” (yǔ), “且” (qiě), and “及” (jí). Each of these terms has its nuances and is used in various contexts, adding richness to the language.

For instance, “和” is the most common and versatile, suitable for everyday conversation, while “与” tends to be more formal, often found in written texts. “且” can imply a sequential relationship or contrast, making it useful in literary works. “及” is frequently used in formal or academic contexts, particularly when listing items.

Understanding these distinctions not only enhances our comprehension of the language but also improves our ability to communicate effectively in different situations. Let’s explore their pinyin and usage scenarios together.

1. 和 (hé)

In Mainland China, the character “和” literally means “and”. It is often used to connect nouns and pronouns. For an English speaker, it has a neutral tone and is widely used in spoken and written Chinese in various ways, including everyday conversations and more formal contexts. Understanding the correct usage of “和” can enhance communication skills in Mandarin.

If you are learning Chinese, you may want to know when they use 和, 也, or 而且, and when they use another phrase or simply pause.

Examples

• 他们参观了博物馆和艺术馆。
  (Tāmen cānguānle bówùguǎn hé yìshùguǎn.)
  They visited the museum and the art gallery.
• 我买了苹果和橙子。
  (Wǒ mǎile píngguǒ hé chéngzi.)
  I bought apples and oranges.
• 他买了一支钢笔、一个笔记本和一把尺子。
  (Tā mǎile yī zhī gāngbǐ, yī gè bǐjìběn hé yī bǎ chǐzi.)
  He bought a pen, a notebook, and a ruler.
• 你和我是好朋友。
  (Nǐ hé wǒ shì hǎo péngyǒu.)
  You and I are good friends.

2. 也 (yě)

The Mandarin Chinese character 也 (yě) is a commonly used adverb that connects verbs or verb phrases, translating to “and” or “also.” Its pinyin is “yě,” and it is used in various sentence structures to add elements or indicate a similar situation. It has a light tone and is commonly used in both spoken and written Chinese, applicable in casual chats and formal writing.

In addition to connecting verbs, 也 (yě) can also connect adjectives, enhancing descriptions and providing additional information. For example, it can join two adjectives to express the qualities of a noun more vividly.

There are a few Mandarin Chinese words that can be translated as “and,” but which more accurately mean “furthermore,” “moreover,” or other such transition words. Understanding these nuances can help in choosing the right word for effective communication.

Examples

• 公园在春天很美，秋天也很迷人。
  (Gōngyuán zài chūntiān hěn měi, qiūtiān yě hěn mírén.)
  The park is beautiful in the spring, and it looks stunning in the fall.
• 他吉他弹得很好，也在学习弹钢琴。
  (Tā jítā tán de hěn hǎo, yě zài xuéxí tán gāngqín.)
  He plays the guitar well, and he is learning to play the piano.
• 这部电影很刺激，配乐也很棒。
  (Zhè bù diànyǐng hěn cìjī, pèiyuè yě hěn bàng.)
  The movie was exciting, and the soundtrack was amazing.

3. 又 (Yòu)

In Chinese, “又” (yòu) serves as a conjunction that means “and” in the context of adding information, particularly when referring to actions or states that are repeated or co-occurring. It can also imply a sense of contrast or enhancement.

Examples

• 这条河又宽又深。
  (Zhè tiáo hé yòu kuān yòu shēn.)
  This river is both wide and deep.
• 她的裙子又漂亮又时尚。
  (Tā de qúnzi yòu piàoliang yòu shíshàng.)
  Her dress is both beautiful and fashionable.
• 这个房间又大又干净。
  (Zhège fángjiān yòu dà yòu gānjìng.)
  This room is both big and clean.

[When the subjects of the two sentences are the same, the second one can be omitted.] (In English, square brackets are commonly used to indicate additional information, citations, annotations, or elements of arrays and lists.)

4. 然后 (ránhòu)

“然后” (ránhòu) translates to “and then” or “after that” in English. It is used to connect sequential actions or events, indicating a progression in time or steps taken.

Examples

• 他起床、洗脸，然后吃早饭。
  (Tā qǐchuáng, xǐ liǎn, ránhòu chī zǎofàn.)
  “He got up, washed his face, and then had breakfast.”
• 她打开门，走进房间，然后打开灯。
  (Tā dǎkāi mén, zǒu jìn fángjiān, ránhòu dǎkāi dēng.)
  “She opened the door, walked into the room, and then turned on the light.”
• 我拿起电话，拨了号码，然后等待接听。
  (Wǒ ná qǐ diànhuà, bōle hàomǎ, ránhòu děngdài jiētīng.)
  “I picked up the phone, dialed the number, and then waited for the answer.”

5. 与 (yǔ)

“与” is pronounced “yǔ.” It has a more formal and literary feel compared to “和.” It is often used in written language, especially in official documents, academic writing, and classical Chinese texts. However, it can also be used in spoken language in certain formal settings.

Examples

• 两国之间的友好关系与合作至关重要。
  (Liǎng guó zhī jiān de yǒuhǎo guānxi yǔ hézuò zhìguān zhòngyào.)
  The friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries are of crucial importance.
• 鱼与熊掌不可兼得。
  (Yú yǔ xióngzhǎng bù kě jiān dé.)
  You can’t have both fish and bear’s paw.
• 理论与实践相结合是成功的关键。
  (Lǐlùn yǔ shíjiàn xiāng jiéhé shì chénggōng de guānjiàn.)
  Combining theory with practice is the key to success.

6. 及 (jí)

Pronounced “jí,” “及” is used to connect items in a list where there is often a sense of a sequence or a hierarchy. The items after “及” are sometimes considered secondary or supplementary to the ones before it.

Examples

• 出席会议的有领导、专家及工作人员。
  (Chūxí huìyì de yǒu lǐngdǎo, zhuānjiā jí gōngzuò rényuán.)
  Those attending the meeting include leaders, experts, and staff members.
• 会议的议程包括讨论、决策及总结。
  (Huìyì de yìchéng bāokuò tǎolùn, juécè jí zǒngjié.)
  The agenda of the meeting includes discussion, decision-making, and summarization.
• 他们讨论经济、政治及社会问题。
  (Tāmen tǎolùn jīngjì, zhèngzhì jí shèhuì wèntí.)
  They discuss economic, political, and social issues.

7. 且 (qiě)

“且” is pronounced “qiě.” It is often used to connect adjectives or verbs, and it can express a sense of both addition and a certain degree of emphasis. It is more commonly used in written language, especially in more elaborate or literary expressions.

Examples

• 他的演讲精彩且富有感染力。
  (Tā de yǎnjiǎng jīngcǎi qiě fùyǒu gǎnrǎn lì.)
  “His speech is wonderful and inspiring.”
• 这个孩子聪明且勤奋。
  (Zhège háizi cōngmíng qiě qínfèn.)
  “This child is smart and hardworking.”
• 你要想成功，需努力且有耐心。
  (Nǐ yào xiǎng chénggōng, xū nǔlì qiě yǒu nàixīn.)
  “If you want to succeed, you need to work hard and be patient.”

8. 以及 (yǐjí)

“以及” often connects more than two nouns or two phrases, and this usage applies to both simplified and traditional Chinese. The English word can represent “and.” It is similar to “和” but it often gives a more elaborate or inclusive feel.

It can be used to connect various types of words, including nouns, phrases, and clauses. This connection is commonly found in both spoken and written language, particularly in situations where the list is more complex or when there is a need to demonstrate comprehensive inclusion of items.

Examples

• 这次活动准备了水果、饮料以及点心。
  (Zhè cì huódòng zhǔnbèi le shuǐguǒ, yǐnliào yǐjí diǎnxīn.)
  “For this event, fruits, drinks, and snacks have been prepared.”
• 他喜欢阅读历史书籍以及研究古代文化。
  (Tā xǐhuān yuèdú lìshǐ shūjí yǐjí yánjiū gǔdài wénhuà.)
  “He enjoys reading historical books and researching ancient culture.”
• 我们要考虑到成本、市场需求以及竞争对手的情况。
  (Wǒmen yào kǎolǜ dào chéngběn, shìchǎng xūqiú yǐjí jìngzhēng duìshǒu de qíngkuàng.)
  “We need to take into account the cost, market demand, and the situation of our competitors.”

9. Drop the “AND” in Chinese

In Chinese, words like “和 (hé)”, “且 (qiě)”, and “并 (bìng)” often function similarly to “and” in English. They are used to connect various words, phrases, or sentences, presenting relationships such as parallelism or progression. However, just as English writing sometimes avoids overusing “and” to pursue rich and flexible expressions, in Chinese, we can also attempt to drop these connecting words.

By skillfully using punctuation marks, adjusting sentence structures, or choosing alternative expressions, we can add more variety to sentences, avoid monotony, and convey ideas more exquisitely and with more layers, thus offering readers a unique reading experience.

Examples

• 她在聚会上唱歌跳舞。
  (Tā zài jùhuì shàng chànggē tiàowǔ.)
  “She sings and dances at the party.”
• 我喜欢音乐，我妹妹喜欢绘画。
  (Wǒ xǐhuān yīnyuè, wǒ mèimei xǐhuān huìhuà.)
  “I like music, and my sister enjoys painting.”
• 他生病了，今天不能来上学。
  (Tā shēngbìng le, jīntiān bùnéng lái shàngxué.)
  “He is ill, and he can’t come to school today.”

Conclusion

As we’ve explored these different ways to say “and” in Chinese characters, it’s clear that the Chinese language offers a remarkable variety of options, each with its own unique characteristics. Whether you’re using the common “和” in daily conversations, the more formal “与” the sequential “及” the emphatic “且” or the comprehensive “以及” choosing the right word can make your Chinese expressions more accurate, nuanced, and natural.

By incorporating these different ways of expressing “and” into your language learning, you’ll not only expand your vocabulary but also gain a deeper understanding of the subtleties of the Chinese language. So, keep practicing and using these words in your speaking and writing, and watch as your Chinese language skills reach new heights.

FAQs

Q1: What does gei mean in Chinese?

“给” (gěi) means “to give” or “to provide.” It is commonly used to indicate the action of giving something to someone. For example:

• 请给我打电话。
  Please give me a call.
• Explanation: Here, “给” indicates the direction of the action, meaning the act of calling is directed toward “me.”
• 我想给他买一个生日礼物。
  I want to buy him a birthday gift.
• Explanation: In this example, “给” shows that the ownership of the gift is being transferred to him, emphasizing the purpose of buying the gift.

Q2: What does nín mean in Chinese?

“您” (nín) is a polite form of “you.” It is used to show respect, often when addressing elders or in formal situations. For example:

• Example: 您好，您贵姓？
  Hello, may I ask your surname?
• Explanation: This greeting uses “您” to show respect, commonly used when meeting someone for the first time.
• Example: 您觉得这部电影怎么样？
  What do you think of this movie?
• Explanation: Using “您” when asking for someone’s opinion conveys that their views are valued, making the inquiry more polite and considerate. Additionally, in Chinese, quotation marks are commonly used to denote direct speech or to highlight specific terms or phrases.

Q3: What is the double dot U in Chinese?

The “double dot U” in Chinese typically refers to the pinyin letter “ü,” which is used to represent the sound similar to the German “ü” or the French “u.”

• It is pronounced as a rounded front vowel, similar to the English “ee” in “see,” but with the lips rounded.
• This sound appears in certain Chinese characters, such as “女” (nǚ, meaning “female”) and “绿” (lǜ, meaning “green”).

The “ü” is essential for distinguishing between words that would otherwise be spelled the same without the umlaut, as it can change the meaning of the word.

Demi Liu | Contributor

I am an educator from Yale University with ten years of experience in this field. I believe that with my professional knowledge and teaching skills, I will be able to contribute to the development of Wukong Education. I will share the psychology of children’s education and learning strategies in this community, hoping to provide quality learning resources for more children.

是 (shì) is one of the most frequently used words in Mandarin Chinese. Simply put, “是” is often translated as “to be” in English, but its usage is not as widespread as the English verb “to be”. This can be confusing for Chinese beginners who expect to use “is”, “am” or “are” in English sentences in the same way as they use “是 (shì)”.

Therefore, understanding how to use 是 shì in Chinese is crucial to mastering Chinese grammar and sentence structure as well as other Chinese language learning. In this article, we will analyze how to use shi in Chinese, the meaning of shi in Chinese, and how to avoid the common mistakes of using 是 shi in Chinese, etc. Let’s start with the basics:

The Basic Usage of 是 shì in Chinese: Grammar & Structure

When learning Chinese, one of the first grammatical points most learners come across is “是 shì”. The Chinese character “是” generally functions as a linking verb or adverb in Mandarin. Its main function is to connect the subject and predicate of a sentence, just like the verb “to be” in English.

However, unlike English, “是 shì” has a more specific usage in Chinese, which also tends to cause confusion for people who are just starting to learn Chinese.

The Grammatical Role of 是 shì

In Mandarin Chinese, “是” is often used to link the subject to a noun or noun phrase that describes or identifies the subject. This is the most basic and direct use of the word “是”.

For examples:

• 我是学生。 (Wǒ shì xuéshēng.) – “I am a student.”
  

  “我是” links the subject “我” (I) to the predicate “学生” (student).

• 他是老师。 (Tā shì lǎoshī.) – “He is a teacher.”
  

  In this sentence, “他” (he) is the subject, and “老师” (teacher) is the predicate describing what he is.

Sentence Structure with 是 shì

To use “是” correctly, it’s essential to understand its basic sentence structure. The standard sentence format:

• Subject + 是 shì + Predicate (noun/noun phrase)

This structure remains consistent in declarative, negative, and interrogative sentences.

Examples of basic sentence patterns:

这是一只猫。 (Zhè shì yī zhī māo.) – “This is a cat.”

• Subject: 这 (this)
• Verb: 是 (is)
• Predicate: 一只猫 (a cat)

北京是中国的首都。 (Běijīng shì Zhōngguó de shǒudū.) – “Beijing is the capital of China.”

• Subject: 北京 (Beijing)
• Verb: 是 (is)
• Predicate: 中国的首都 (the capital of China)

These examples illustrate how 是 shì identifies or defines the subject about the noun or noun phrase that follows.

When to Use 是 shì in Chinese?

The word “是” is very commonly used in Chinese sentences. However, the Chinese word “是 shì” is used differently than the English verb, and many Chinese learners consider “是” to be one of the most confusing characters. In the next section, we will explain the situations in which you should use “是 shì”.

1. To agree with someone in a conversation

When having a conversation or in other situations where communication is required, “是” can express agreement with the person you are listening to.

To show agreement, you can use the following phrases:

是的 (shì de) indicates mild agreement. It’s the same as “yeah” in English. It is mainly used to show the speaker that you are paying attention to them, empathize with them, or want to hear more from them.

是啊 (shì a) is an expression of stronger agreement. It shows that you agree and are keen to hear what the other person has to say.

就是 (jiù shì) is the highest level of agreement expressed in any phrase. It’s like saying in English, “Of course!” or “I know!” The same. It is used to express firm agreement.

2. To attach two nouns

The Chinese character “是” is used in the same way as the English verb “to be” to connect two nouns (or pronouns) in a sentence to explain what something or someone is. For examples:

我是一个老师。(wǒ shì yí gè lǎo shī — I am a teacher.)

这是手机。(zhè shì shǒu jī — This is a cell phone.)

葡萄是一种水果。(pú táo shì yī zhǒng shuǐ guǒ — Grapes are a kind of fruit.）

3. To confirm information

You can try using different Chinese nouns and verbs in different situations and scenarios. For example, you can use the Chinese character “是” to confirm something or any information.

All you need to do is add the phrase “是不是” (shì bú shì) at the end of the sentence to confirm that something is true. With this phrase, you can confirm any type of information, and it’s not limited to sentences that already contain “是” as the main verb. Now let’s look at a few examples:

你在吃饭，是不是？(Nǐ zài chī fàn, shì bú shì? — You are eating, aren’t you?)

你是台湾人，是不是？(nǐ shì Táiwān rén, shì bú shì? — You are Taiwanese, aren’t you?)

4. To ask a question

The phrase 是不是 (shì bú shì) can also be used as a way to ask a question in Chinese. If you want to make a question out of a sentence that has 是 shì as its verb, you can do it by substituting 是 with 是不是, literally meaning “be not be”.

这是不是手机？(zhè shì bú shì shǒu jī. — Is this a cell phone?)

那是不是玩具？(nà shì bú shì . — Is that a toy?)

苹果是不是一种水果？(píng guǒ shì bú shì yī zhǒng shuǐ guǒ? — Are apples a kind of fruit?)

5. To keep the conversation going

If you’re having a conversation and you want to keep talking to the other person or you want them to say more, try saying “是吗” (shì ma). It is “Oh, really?” or “Yes?” in Chinese.

The phrase “是吗” allows people to express themselves more. As long as you don’t sound overly skeptical, the other person will think you’re interested in what they have to say and will continue to talk.

When Not to Use 是 shì in Chinese?

Similarly, learning the situations in which it is not necessary to use the word “是” is essential to having long and easy conversations in Chinese. Below we will give some examples of situations where “是” is not necessary.

1. To attach a noun and a prepositional phrase: use 在 zài instead

In English, we say “My friend is in the library” or “The cat is on the table.” But in Chinese, we use “在” (zài).

The formula for this is Subject + 在 (zài) + Location (+ Preposition)

我的朋友在图书馆 (wǒ de péng yǒu zài tú shū guǎn. — My friend is at the library.)

我的朋友在图书馆里 (wǒ de péng yǒu zài tú shū guǎn lǐ. — My friend is in the library.)

猫在桌子上 (māo zài zhuō zi shàng. — The cat is on the table.)

2. To connect a noun and an adjective: use 很 hěn instead

In English, we say “The child is tall” or “The toy is soft”. And saying “孩子是高” (hái zi shì gāo) or “玩具是软” (wán jù shì ruǎn) in Chinese doesn’t fit the Chinese speakers’ habit. Native Chinese speakers don’t say this to connect these concepts. They would use “很” (hěn) instead.

The correct usage is as follows:

孩子很高。 (hái zi hěn gāo — The child is tall.)

玩具很软。 (wán jù hěn ruǎn — The toy is soft.)

3. To say “there is/are”: use 有 yǒu instead

In English, we use “to be” to indicate the presence of an object: “There’s a dog on the chair”, “There are butterflies in the room” etc. However, in Chinese, we don’t use the corresponding “to be” — “是” to indicate the presence of an object.

In Chinese we need to use 有 (yǒu), meaning “to have”. This word is placed at the beginning of a sentence without a subject.

有只狗在椅子上。 (yǒu zhǐ gǒu zài yǐ zi shàng — There is a dog on the chair.)

有蝴蝶在房间里。 (yǒu hú dié zài fáng jiān lǐ — There are butterflies in the room.)

4. As a helping verb: Use 在 zài instead

English speakers use the verb “be” as part of the present or past progressive tense. In Chinese, however, Chinese people generally use “在” (zài) to emphasize the continuity of the event they are talking about.

Therefore, the writing formula becomes Subject + 在 (zài) + Verb (+ Object). For instance:

我在跑步。(wǒ zài pǎo bù — I am running.)

他在吃香蕉。(tā zài chī xiāng jiāo — He is eating a banana.)

FAQs on How to Use Shi in Chinese

1. Are there any other special sentences for 是 shì?

Yes. Although the basic sentence structure of “是” is simple, it also appears frequently in negative sentences. These variations are essential in communication in any language and are common in everyday conversation.

Negative sentences with 是

To form a negative sentence, simply add “不” (bù) before “是”: subject + 不是 + predicate

Examples:

他不是医生。 (tā bú shì yī shēng — He is not a doctor.)

这不是我的书。(zhè bú shì wǒ de shū — This is not my book.)

2. Can 是 shì be used for emphasis?

Yes, 是 is often used for emphasis in Chinese, especially in “是…的” structure of sentences. It emphasizes some aspect of the sentence, such as the time, place or the performer of the action.

Examples:

我们是在北京见面的。 (wǒ men shì zài Běi jīng jiàn miàn de — It was in Beijing that we met.)

这件事是他做的。 (zhè jiàn shì shì tā zuò de — It was him who did this.)

This structure is often used when telling a story or explaining details.

Conclusion

These were the uses of shi in Chinese. You can try having a conversation with a native Chinese speaker to see how they organize their sentences and use verbs. This will reinforce the information you have learned about “是”.

If you still want to learn more about Chinese and speak it like a native speaker, you can also learn it through WuKong Chinese, which will greatly improve your Chinese language skills!

Mina

As an educator from Stanford University with more than ten years of experience, I am passionate about advancing the field of education. Joining Wukong Education allows me to share my professional insights into child development and effective teaching strategies. I look forward to contributing high-quality educational resources and practical guidance to support children’s learning journeys and empower this community.